×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ðáêÝôá (Packages)

ÐïëëÝò Linux äéáíïìÝò (distributions) Ý÷ïõí êÜðïéï åßäïò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ìÝóù ðáêÝôùí, üðùò ôï RPM. ÁõôÜ ìðïñïýí íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí íá ñõèìßóåôå ìéá êáíïíéêÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç, áëëÜ áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå Ýíá äéáöïñåôéêü óýíïëï áðü ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ (üðùò Ýíá secure server, Þ Ýíá äéáöïñåôéêü database driver), ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå build ôçí PHP Þ êáé ôïí webserver óáò. Áí äåí åßóôå åîïéêåéùìÝíïé óôçí äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ building êáé compiling ôïõ äéêïý óáò ëïãéóìéêïý, ìðïñåß íá áîßæåé íá øÜîåôå áí êÜðïéïò Ý÷åé Þäç êÜíåé build Ýíá ðáêÝôï ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç ôçò PHP êáé ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå.

×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ðáêÝôá

ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ìåñéêÝò pre-packaged êáé pre-compiled åêäüóåéò ôçò PHP ãéá ôï Mac OS X. ÁõôÝò ìðïñïýí íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí íá ñõèìßóåôå ìéá êáíïíéêÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç, áëëÜ áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå Ýíá äéáöïñåôéêü óýíïëï áðü ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ (üðùò Ýíá secure server, Þ Ýíá äéáöïñåôéêü database driver), ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå build ôçí PHP Þ êáé ôïí webserver óáò. Áí äåí åßóôå åîïéêåéùìÝíïé óôçí äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ building êáé compiling ôïõ äéêïý óáò ëïãéóìéêïý, ìðïñåß íá áîßæåé íá øÜîåôå áí êÜðïéïò Ý÷åé Þäç êÜíåé build Ýíá ðáêÝôï ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç ôçò PHP êáé ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå.

ÊÜíïíôáò compile ãéá ôïí OS X server

ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï åëáöñÜ äéáöïñåôéêÝò åêäüóåéò ôïõ Mac OS X, ç client êáé ç server. Ôá ðáñáêÜôù éó÷ýïõí ãéá ôïí OS X Server.

1. Get the latest distributions of Apache and PHP
2. Untar them, and run the configure program on Apache like so.
    ./configure --exec-prefix=/usr \ 
    --localstatedir=/var \ 
    --mandir=/usr/share/man \ 
    --libexecdir=/System/Library/Apache/Modules \ 
    --iconsdir=/System/Library/Apache/Icons \ 
    --includedir=/System/Library/Frameworks/Apache.framework/Versions/1.3/Headers \ 
    --enable-shared=max \ 
    --enable-module=most \ 
    --target=apache 

4. You may also want to add this line: 
    setenv OPTIM=-O2 
    If you want the compiler to do some optimization. 
    
5. Next, go to the PHP 4 source directory and configure it. 
    ./configure --prefix=/usr \ 
    --sysconfdir=/etc \ 
    --localstatedir=/var \ 
    --mandir=/usr/share/man \ 
    --with-xml \ 
    --with-apache=/src/apache_1.3.12 

    If you have any other additions (MySQL, GD, etc.), be sure to add
    them here. For the --with-apache string, put in the path to your 
    apache source directory, for example "/src/apache_1.3.12". 
6. make
7. make install    
    This will add a directory to your Apache source directory under
    src/modules/php4.
    
8. Now, reconfigure Apache to build in PHP 4.
    ./configure --exec-prefix=/usr \ 
    --localstatedir=/var \ 
    --mandir=/usr/share/man \ 
    --libexecdir=/System/Library/Apache/Modules \ 
    --iconsdir=/System/Library/Apache/Icons \ 
    --includedir=/System/Library/Frameworks/Apache.framework/Versions/1.3/Headers \ 
    --enable-shared=max \ 
    --enable-module=most \ 
    --target=apache \ 
    --activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a 

    You may get a message telling you that libmodphp4.a is out of date.
    If so, go to the src/modules/php4 directory inside your apache
    source directory and run this command: 

    ranlib libmodphp4.a 

    Then go back to the root of the apache source directory and run the
    above configure command again. That'll bring the link table up to
    date. 

9. make

10. make install

11. copy and rename the php.ini-dist file to your "bin" directory from your
    PHP 4 source directory:
    cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/bin/php.ini 

    or (if your don't have a local directory) 

    cp php.ini-dist /usr/bin/php.ini

ÊÜíïíôáò compile ãéá ôïí MacOS X client

ÁõôÝò ïé õðïäåßîåéò äüèçêáí åõãåíéêÜ áðü ôïí Marc Liyanage.

Ôï PHP module ãéá ôïí Apache web server ðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé óôïí Mac OS X. ÁõôÞ ç Ýêäïóç ðåñéëáìâÜíåé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ôéò MySQL êáé PostgreSQL âÜóåéò äåäïìÝíùí.

Óçìåßùóç: Äþóôå ðñïóï÷Þ üôáí ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, ìðïñåß íá ÷áëÜóåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ Apache web server óáò!

ÊÜíôå ôá åîÞò ãéá íá åãêáôáóôáèåß:

• 1. Áíïßîôå Ýíá terminal window

• 2. ÃñÜøôå "wget http://www.diax.ch/users/liyanage/software/macosx/libphp4.so.gz", êáé ðåñéìÝíåôå íá ôåëåéþóåé ôï download.

• 3. ÃñÜøôå "gunzip libphp4.so.gz"

• 4. ÃñÜøôå "sudo apxs -i -a -n php4 libphp4.so"

#AddType application/x-httpd-php .php 
   #AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

ÔÝëïò, ãñÜøôå "sudo apachectl graceful" ãéá íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå (restart) ôïí web server.

Ç PHP ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá åßíáé åíåñãÞ êáé íá ôñÝ÷åé. Ìðïñåßôå íá ôï åëÝãîåôå áõôü áöÞíïíôáò Ýíá áñ÷åßï óôïí êáôÜëïãï "Sites" ðïõ íá ëÝãåôáé "test.php". ÌÝóá óå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ãñÜøôå áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ: "<?php phpinfo() ?>".

Ôþñá áíïßîôå ôï 127.0.0.1/~your_username/test.php ìÝóá óôïí web browser óáò. Èá ðñÝðåé íá äåßôå Ýíáí ðßíáêá ìå ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï PHP module.

×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Binary Packages

Ç ÷ñÞóç binary packages ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí PHP óôï OpenBSD åßíáé ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç êáé áðëïýóôåñç ìÝèïäïò. Ôï core package Ý÷åé ÷ùñéóôåß áðü ôá äéÜöïñá modules, êáé êáèÝíá ìðïñåß íá åãêáôáóôáèåß êáé íá áöáéñåèåß áíåîÜñôçôá áðü ôá Üëëá. Ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ìðïñïýí íá âñåèïýí óôï OpenBSD CD óáò Þ óôï FTP site.

Ôï êýñéï ðáêÝôï ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå åßíáé ôï php4-core-4.2.3.tgz, ôï ïðïßï ðåñéÝ÷åé ôçí âáóéêÞ engine (êáé ôá gettext êáé iconv). ¸ðåéôá, êïéôÜîôå óôá module packages, üðùò ôá php4-mysql-4.2.3.tgz Þ php4-imap-4.2.3.tgz. Åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí phpxs åíôïëÞ ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå êáé íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áõôÜ ôá modules ìÝóá óôï php.ini óáò.

# pkg_add php4-core-4.2.3.tgz
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -s
# cp /usr/local/share/doc/php4/php.ini-recommended /var/www/conf/php.ini
  (add in mysql)
# pkg_add php4-mysql-4.2.3.tgz
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -a mysql
  (add in imap)
# pkg_add php4-imap-4.2.3.tgz
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -a imap
  (remove mysql as a test)
# pkg_delete php4-mysql-4.2.3
# /usr/local/sbin/phpxs -r mysql
  (install the PEAR libraries)
# pkg_add php4-pear-4.2.3.tgz

ÄéáâÜóôå ôçí packages(7) manual page ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå binary packages óôï OpenBSD.

×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ports

Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá êÜíåôå compile ôçí PHP áðü ôï source ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ports tree. ÁëëÜ áõôü ðñïôåßíåôáé óå ÷ñÞóôåò ðïõ åßíáé åîïéêåéùìÝíïé ìå ôï OpenBSD. Ôï PHP4 port åßíáé ÷ùñéóìÝíï óå ôñåéò õðïêáôáëüãïõò Ôïõò core, extensions êáé pear. Ôï extensions directory äçìéïõñãåß sub-packages ãéá üëá ôá õðïóôçñéæüìåíá PHP modules. Áí äåßôå ðùò äåí èÝëåôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå êÜðïéá áðü áõôÜ ôá modules, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï no_* FLAVOR. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá ðáñáëåßøåôå ôçí äçìéïõñãßá ôïõ imap module, ïñßóôå ôï FLAVOR óå no_imap.

Ðáëáéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò

Ðáëáéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ OpenBSD ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóáí ôï FLAVORS óýóôçìá ãéá íá êÜíïõí compile ìéá statically (óôáôéêÜ) linked PHP. Ìéá êáé åßíáé äýóêïëï íá äçìéïõñãçèïýí binary ðáêÝôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò áõôÞ ôç ìÝèïäï, Ý÷åé ðëÝïí îåðåñáóôåß. Ìðïñåßôå áêüìç íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï ðáëéü êáé óôáèåñü ports trees áí èÝëåôå, áëëÜ äåí õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ôçí ïìÜäá ôïõ OpenBSD. Áí Ý÷åôå êÜðïéá ó÷üëéá ãéá áõôü ôï èÝìá, ôï port óõíôçñåßôáé óÞìåñá áðü ôïí Anil Madhavapeddy.

Áðáéôïýìåíï ëïãéóìéêü

Ïé åãêáôáóôÜóåéò ôïõ Solaris óõíÞèùò óôåñïýíôáé áðü C compilers êáé ôá ó÷ôéêÜ åñãáëåßá. Ôï áðáéôïýìåíï ëïãéóìéêü Ý÷åé ùò åîÞò:

• gcc (ðñïôåßíåôáé, Üëëïé C compilers ìðïñåß íá äïõëåýïõí)

• make

• flex

• bison

• m4

• autoconf

• automake

• perl

• gzip

• tar

• GNU sed

×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ðáêÝôá

Ìðïñåßôå íá áðëïðïéåßóåôå ôçí äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò óå Solaris ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï pkgadd ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá ìÝñç ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåóôå.

ÃñÞãïñç áíáöïñÜ óôï Apache Module

Ç PHP ìðïñåß íá åãêáôáóôáèåß ìå áñêåôïýò äéáöïñåôéêïýò ôñüðïò, áëëÜ Ýíáò áðü ôïõò ðéï äçìïöéëåßò åßíáé óáí Ýíá Apache module. Áêïëïõèåß ìéá ãñÞãïñç ìáôéÜ óôç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò.

1.  gunzip apache_1.3.x.tar.gz
2.  tar xvf apache_1.3.x.tar
3.  gunzip php-x.x.x.tar.gz
4.  tar xvf php-x.x.x.tar
5.  cd apache_1.3.x
6.  ./configure --prefix=/www
7.  cd ../php-x.x.x
8.  ./configure --with-mysql --with-apache=../apache_1.3.x --enable-track-vars
9.  make
10. make install
11. cd ../apache_1.3.x
12. ./configure --activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a
13. make
14. make install
15. cd ../php-x.x.x
16. cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini
17. Edit your httpd.conf or srm.conf file and add: 
      AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

18. Use your normal procedure for restarting the Apache server. (You must
    stop and restart the server, not just cause the server to reload by
    use a HUP or USR1 signal.)

Building

¼ôáí ñõèìéóôåß ç PHP ìå ôï configure, åßóôå Ýôïéìïé íá êÜíåôå build ôï CGI executable (åêôåëÝóéìï). Ç åíôïëÞ make èá ôï áíáëÜâåé áõôü. Áí áðïôý÷åé êáé äåí ìðïñåßôå íá êáôáëÜâåôå ãéáôß, äåßôå ôçí åíüôçôá ÐñïâëÞìáôá.

Windows InstallShield

Ï Windows PHP installer ðïõ åßíáé äéáèÝóéìïò áðü ôçí óåëßäá ôùí downloads óôï http://www.php.net/, åãêáèéóôÜ ôçí CGI Ýêäïóçôçò PHP êáé, ãéá ôïí IIS, PWS, and Xitami, ñõèìßæåé åðßóçò ôïí web server. Åðßóçò óçìåéþóôå, ðùò åíþ ï InstallShield installer åßíáé Ýíáò åýêïëïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá êÜíåôå ôçí PHP íá äïõëÝøåé, ðåñéïñßæåôáé óå ðïëëïýò ôïìåßò, üðùò ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ç áõôüìáôç ñýèìéóç ôùí extensions äåí õðïóôçñßæåôáé.

ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí åðéëåãìÝíï óáò HTTP server óôï óýóôçìá óáò êáé óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé äïõëåýåé.

ÔñÝîôå ôïí åêôåëÝóéìï installer êáé áêïëïõèÞóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ äßíïíôáé áðü ôïí installation wizard (ïäçãüò åãêáôÜóôáóçò). Õðïóôçñßæïíôáé äýï ôýðïé åãêáôÜóôáóçò - ï standard (óõíçèéóìÝíïò), ï ïðïßïò äßíåé ëïãéêÝò êáé óõíåôÝò ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ôéìÝò óå üëåò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ðïõ ìðïñåß, êáé ï advanced (ðñï÷ùñçìÝíïò), ï ïðïßïò æçôÜåé ôéò ôéìÝò êáèþò ç äéáäéêáóßá ðñï÷ùñÜåé.

Ï ïäçãüò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ìáæåýåé áñêåôÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá íá ñõèìßóåé ôïí web server þóôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí PHP. Ãéá ôïí IIS êáé åðßóçò ãéá ôïí PWS óôá NT Workstation, ìéá ëßóôá ìå üëá ôá nodes óôïí server ìå ôá script map settings åìöáíßæåôáé, êáé ìðïñåßôå íá åðéëÝîåôå áõôïýò ôïõò êüìâïõò ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôá PHP script mappings.

¼ôáí ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ïëïêëçñùèåß, ï installer èá óáò åíçìåñþóåé ãéá ôï üôé ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåé ôïí server, Þ áðëÜ íá áñ÷ßóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí PHP.

ÂÞìáôá ãéá Manual Installation

Áõôüò ï ïäçãüò åãêáôÜóôáóçò èá óáò âïçèÞóåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé íá ñõèìßóåôå manually ôçí PHP óôïí Windows webserver óáò. ×ñåéÜæåóôå íá êÜíåôå download ôï zip binary distribution (óõìðéåóìÝíï áñ÷åßï ôçò Ýêäïóçò) áðü ôçí óåëßäá downloads óôï http://www.php.net/. Ç ðñùôüôõðç Ýêäïóç áõôïý ôïõ ïäçãïý Ýãéíå compile áðü ôïí Bob Silva, êáé ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß óôï http://www.umesd.k12.or.us/php/win32install.html.

Áõôüò ï ïäçãüò äßíåé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ÷åéñïêßíçôç åãêáôÜóôáóç ãéá:

• Personal Web Server 3 and 4 Þ íåüôåñï

• Internet Information Server 3 and 4 Þ íåüôåñï

• Apache 1.3.x

• OmniHTTPd 2.0b1 êáé ðÜíù

• Oreilly Website Pro

• Xitami

• Netscape Enterprise Server, iPlanet

Ç PHP 4 Ýñ÷åôáé óå äýï ãåýóåéò ãéá Windows - Ýíá CGI executable (php.exe), êáé äéÜöïñá SAPI modules (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá: php4isapi.dll). Ç ôåëåõôáßá ìïñöÞ åßíáé êáéíïýñéá óôçí PHP 4, êáé äßíåé óçìáíôéêÜ âåëôéùìÝíç áðüäïóç êáé êÜðïéá íÝá ëåéôïõñãéêüôçôá.

Áí åðéëÝîåôå Ýíá áðü ôá SAPI modules êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Windows 95, óéãïõñåõôåßôå íá êÜíåôå download ôï DCOM update áðü ôéò óåëßäåò ôïõ Microsoft DCOM. Ãéá ôï ISAPI module, Ýíáò ISAPI 4.0 óõìâáôüò Web server ÷ñåéÜæåôáé (äïêéìáóìÝíï óôïõò IIS 4.0, PWS 4.0 êáé IIS 5.0). Ï IIS 3.0 ÄÅÍ õðïóôçñßæåôáé. Èá ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå download êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack ìå ôïí IIS 4.0 áí èÝëåôå native PHP õðïóôÞñéîç.

Ôá ðáñáêÜôù âÞìáôá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëïýíôáé óå üëåò ôéò åãêáôáóôÜóåéò ðñéí áðü ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ åßíáé óõãêåêñéìÝíåò ãéá ôïí server.

• ÁðïóõìðéÝóôå ôï áñ÷åßï ôïõ distribution óå Ýíá êáôÜëïãï ôçò åðéëïãÞò óáò. Ï êáôÜëïãïò c:\php\ åßíáé ìéá êáëÞ áñ÷Þ. Ðéèáíþò íá ìçí èÝëåôå Ýíá path ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé êåíÜ (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá: Ôï c:\program files\php äåí åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá). Ìðïñåß íá ìçí áñÝóåé áõôü óå êÜðïéïõò webservers.

• ÐñÝðåé íá óéãïõñåõôåßôå ðùò ôá DLL ôá ïðïßá ç PHP ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ìðïñïýí íá âñåèïýí. Ôá áêñéâÞ DLL ðïõ åìðëÝêïíôáé åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôïí web server ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êáé êáôÜ ðüóïí èÝëåôå ôçí PHP íá ôñÝ÷åé óáí CGI Þ óáí Ýíá server module. Ôï php4ts.dll ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðÜíôá. Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéï server module (ð.÷. ISAPI Þ Apache) ôüôå èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ôçí ó÷åôéêÞ DLL áðü ôïí êáôÜëïãï sapi. Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå PHP extension DLLs ôüôå èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå êáé åêåßíá. Ãéá íá óéãïõñåõôåßôå ðùò ôá DLLs ìðïñïýí íá âñåèïýí, ìðïñåßôå åßôå íá ôá áíôéãñÜøåôå óôï system directory (ð.÷. winnt/system32 Þ windows/system) Þ ìðïñåßôå íá óéãïõñåõôåßôå ðùò âñßóêïíôáé óôïí ßäéï êáôÜëïãï üðùò ôï êõñßùò PHP executable Þ ôï DLL ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ï web server óáò (ð.÷. php.exe, php4apache.dll).

  Ôï PHP binary, ôá SAPI modules, êáé êÜðïéá extensions óôçñßæïíôáé óå åîùôåñéêÜ DLLs ãéá åêôÝëåóç. Óéãïõñåõôåßôå ðùò áõôÜ ôá DLLs ìÝóá óôï distribution õðÜñ÷ïõí óå Ýíá directory ðïõ âñßóêåôáé ìÝóá óôï Windows PATH óáò. Ãéá íá åßóôå óßãïõñïé, ôï êáëýôåñï åßíáé íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôá ðáñáêÜôù áñ÷åßá ìÝóá óôï system directory, ôï ïðïßï ôõðéêÜ åßíáé:

  c:\windows\system ãéá Windows 9x/ME

  c:\winnt\system32 ãéá Windows NT/2000

  c:\windows\system32 ãéá Windows XP

  Ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá áíôéãñáöïýí åßíáé:

  php4ts.dll, áí õðÜñ÷åé Þäç åêåß, êÜíôå ôï áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï (overwrite)

  Ôá áñ÷åßá ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï 'dlls' ôïõ distribution óáò. Áí ôá Ý÷åôå Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíá óôï óýóôçìá óáò, áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôá ìüíï áí êÜôé äåí äïõëåýåé óùóôÜ (ðñéí ôá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå, ìéá êáëÞ éäÝá èá Þôáí íá ðÜñåôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï áðü áõôÜ, Þ íá ôá ìåôáêéíÞóåôå óå êÜðïéï Üëëï êáôÜëïãï - ãéá êáëü êáé ãéá êáêü, ìÞðùò êáé êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ.

  ÊÜíôå download ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôïõ Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) ãéá ôçí ðëáôöüñìá óáò, åéäéêÜ áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Microsoft Windows 9x/NT4. Ôï MDAC åßíáé äéáèÝóéìï óôï http://msdn.microsoft.com/data/.

• ÁíôéãñÜøôå ôï åðéëåãìÝíï áñ÷åßï ini (äåßôå ðáñáêÜôù) óôïí êáôÜëïãï '%WINDOWS%' óôá Windows 9x/Me Þ óôïí êáôÜëïãï '%SYSTEMROOT%' óôá Windows NT/2000/XP êáé ìåôïíïìÜóôå ôï óå php.ini. Ï '%WINDOWS%' Þ ï '%SYSTEMROOT%' êáôÜëïãïò óáò åßíáé ôõðéêÜ:

  c:\windows ãéá Windows 9x/ME/XP

  c:\winnt Þ c:\winnt40 ãéá NT/2000 servers

  ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï áñ÷åßá ini ðïõ äßíïíôáé ìÝóá óôï áñ÷åßï zip, ôï php.ini-dist êáé ôï php.ini-optimized. Óõíéóôïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï php.ini-optimized, åðåéäÞ åßíáé âåëôéóôïðïéçìÝíï óôéò ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò óå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï ãéá áðüäïóç êáé áóöÜëåéá. Ôï êáëýôåñï åßíáé íá ìåëåôÞóåôå üëåò ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ini êáé íá ïñßóåôå êÜèå óôïé÷åßï ÷åéñïêßíçôá åóåßò. Áí èÝëåôå íá ðåôý÷åôå ôçí êáëýôåñç áóöÜëåéá, ôüôå áõôüò åßíáé ï äñüìïò ãéá óáò, áí êáé ç PHP äïõëåýåé êáëÜ êáé ìå ôá ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíá áñ÷åßá ini.

• ÊÜíôå edit ôï êáéíïýñéï óáò php.ini áñ÷åßï:

  • Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áëëÜîåôå ôçí ñýèìéóç 'extension_dir' þóôå íá äåß÷íåé óôï php-install-dir óáò, Þ üðïõ âÜëáôå ôá php_*.dll áñ÷åßá óáò. Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá backslash. ð.÷.: c:\php\extensions\

  • Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå OmniHTTPd, ìçí áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôï åðüìåíï âÞìá. Ïñßóôå ôï 'doc_root' þóôå íá äåß÷íåé óôï document_root ôïõ webserver óáò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá: c:\apache\htdocs Þ c:\webroot

  • ÅðéëÝîôå ðïéåò åðåêôÜóåéò èá èÝëáôå íá öïñôþíïíôáé üôáí ç PHP îåêéíÜ. Äåßôå ôçí åíüôçôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá Windows extensions, ãéá ôï ðùò íá ñõèìßóåôå Ýíá êáé ãéá ôï ôé åßíáé Þäç built in. Óçìåéþóôå ðùò óå ìéá íÝá åãêáôÜóôáóç óõíéóôÜôáé ðñþôá íá êÜíåôå ôçí PHP íá äïõëåýåé êáé íá ôçí äïêéìÜóåôå ÷ùñßò êáíÝíá extension ðñéí íá ôá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå óôï php.ini.

  • Óôïí PWS êáé óôïí IIS, ìðïñåßôå íá ïñßóåôå ôï browscap.ini íá äåß÷íåé óôï c:\windows\system\inetsrv\browscap.ini óôá Windows 9x/Me, óôï c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\browscap.ini óôá NT/2000, êáé óôï c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\browscap.ini óôá XP.

  • Óçìåéþóôå ðùò ï êáôÜëïãïò mibs ðïõ äßíåôáé ìå ôçí äéáíïìÞ ôùí Windows ðåñéÝ÷åé áñ÷åßá õðïóôÞñéîçò ãéá SNMP. Áõôüò ï êáôÜëïãïò èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáöåñèåß óôï DRIVE:\usr\mibs (¼ðïõ DRIVE åßíáé ï ïäçãüò (drive) üðïõ åãêáôáóôÜèçêå ç PHP.)

  • Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå NTFS óå Windows NT, 2000 Þ XP, óéãïõñåõôåßôå ðùò ï ÷ñÞóôçò ðïõ ôñÝ÷åé ôïí webserver Ý÷åé read permissions (åðßôñåøç áíÜãíùóçò) óôï php.ini (ð.÷. íá åßíáé readable áðü üëïõò).

• Ãéá ôïí PWS äþóôå execution permission óôïí webroot:

  • ÎåêéíÜôå ôïí PWS Web Manager

  • Ïñßóôå ôéò Properties ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ "Home"

  • ÅðéëÝîôå ôï "execute"-Checkbox

ÊÜíïíôáò Build áðü ôï source

Ðñéí áñ÷ßóåôå, áîßæåé íá áðáíôÞóåôå óôçí åñþôçóç: "Ãéáôß ôï build óôá Windows åßíáé ôüóï äýóêïëï?" Äýï áðáíôÞóåéò Ýñ÷ïíôáé óôï ìõáëü:

1. Ôá Windows äåí Ý÷ïõí (áêüìç) áðïëáýóåé ìéá ìåãÜëç êïéíüôçôá áðü developers ïé ïðïßïé åßíáé ðñüèõìïé íá ìïéñÜóïõí åëåýèåñá ôïí êþäéêá ôïõò. ¢ìåóï áðïôÝëåóìá áõôïý, åßíáé ç Ýëëåéøç ôçò áðáñáßôçôçò åðÝíäõóçò óå õðïäïìÞ ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ôÝôïéáò áíÜðôõîçò ðñïãñáììÜôùí. ÃåíéêÜ, ü,ôé åßíáé äéáèÝóéìï, Ýãéíå äõíáôü ìÝóù ìåôáöïñÜò ôùí áðáñáßôçôùí åñãáëåßùí áðü ôï Unix. Ìçí åêðëÞóóåóôå üôáí êÜðïéá áðü áõôÞ ôçí êëçñïíïìéÜ åìöáíßæåôáé áðü êáéñïýò óå êáéñïýò.

2. ÁñêåôÝò áðü ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ áêïëïõèïýí åßíáé ôçò éäÝáò ôïõ åßäïõò "set and forget" (ñýèìéóå ôï êáé îÝ÷áóÝ ôï). ¸ôóé êáèÞóôå ðßóù êáé äïêéìÜóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ðáñáêÜôù üóï ðéï ðéóôÜ ìðïñåßôå.

ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí Windows åðåêôÜóåùí

ÌåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò PHP êáé åíüò webserver óôá Windows, ðéèáíüí íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êÜðïéåò åðåêôÜóåéò ãéá ðñüóèåôç ëåéôïõñãéêüôçôá. Ï áêüëïõèïò ðßíáêáò ðåñéãñÜöåé êÜðïéåò áðü ôçò äéáèÝóéìåò åðåêôÜóåéò. Ìðïñåßôå íá åðéëÝîåôå ðïéåò èÝëåôå íá öïñôþóåôå üôáí îåêéíÜ ç PHP âãÜæïíôáò áðü ó÷üëéá ôéò ãñáììÝò: 'extension=php_*.dll' óôï php.ini. Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá öïñôþóåôå äõíáìéêÜ Ýíá module óôá script óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôç óõíÜñôçóç dl().

Ôá DLL ãéá ôéò åðåêôÜóåéò ôçò PHP Ý÷ïõí ðñüèåìá 'php_' óôçí PHP 4 (êáé 'php3_' óôç PHP 3). Áõôü áðïôñÝðåé óýã÷éóç ìåôáîý ôùí åðåêôÜóåùí ôçò PHP êáé ôùí âéâëéïèçêþí õðïóôÞñéîçò ôïõò.

Testing

If you have built PHP as a CGI program, you may test your build by typing make test. It is always a good idea to test your build. This way you may catch a problem with PHP on your platform early instead of having to struggle with it later.

Benchmarking

If you have built PHP 3 as a CGI program, you may benchmark your build by typing make bench. Note that if safe mode is on by default, the benchmark may not be able to finish if it takes longer then the 30 seconds allowed. This is because the set_time_limit() can not be used in safe mode. Use the max_execution_time configuration setting to control this time for your own scripts. make bench ignores the configuration file.

Using Variables

Some server supplied enviroment variables are not defined in the current CGI/1.1 specification. Only the following variables are defined there; everything else should be treated as 'vendor extensions': AUTH_TYPE, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE, GATEWAY_INTERFACE, PATH_INFO, PATH_TRANSLATED, QUERY_STRING, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_HOST, REMOTE_IDENT, REMOTE_USER, REQUEST_METHOD, SCRIPT_NAME, SERVER_NAME, SERVER_PORT, SERVER_PROTOCOL and SERVER_SOFTWARE

ËåðôïìÝñåéåò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôçò PHP ìå ôïí Apache óôï Unix

Ìðïñåßôå íá åðéëÝîåôå arguments ãéá íá ðñïóèÝóåôå óôçí åíôïëÞ configure óôç ãñáììÞ 10 ðáñáêÜôù, áðü ôïí ÐëÞñç êáôÜëïãï ôùí åðéëïãþí ôïõ configure. Ïé áñéèìïß åêäüóåùí Ý÷ïõí ðáñáëçöèåß åäþ, ãéá íá äéáóöáëéóôåß ç ïñèüôçôá ôùí ïäçãéþí. Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá 'xxx' ìå ôéò óùóôÝò ôéìÝò áðü ôá áñ÷åßá óáò.

1.  gunzip apache_xxx.tar.gz
2.  tar -xvf apache_xxx.tar
3.  gunzip php-xxx.tar.gz
4.  tar -xvf php-xxx.tar
5.  cd apache_xxx
6.  ./configure --prefix=/www --enable-module=so
7.  make
8.  make install
9.  cd ../php-xxx
10. ./configure --with-mysql --with-apxs=/www/bin/apxs
11. make
12. make install

  Áí áðïöáóßóåôå íá áëëÜîåôå ôéò åðéëïãÝò ôïõ configure ìåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åðáíáëÜâåôå ìüíï ôá ôåëåõôáßá ôñßá âÞìáôá. ×ñåéÜæåôå ìüíï íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôïí apache ãéá íá Ý÷åé áðïôÝëåóìá ôï íÝï module. Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé recompile ï Apache.

13. cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini

  Ìðïñåßôå íá ìïñöïðïéÞóåôå ôï .ini áñ÷åßï óáò ãéá íá ïñßóåôå ôéò åðéëïãÝò ôçò PHP. Áí ðñïôéìÜôå ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü óå êÜðïéá Üëëç ôïðïèåóßá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï  --with-config-file-path=/path óôï âÞìá 10.

14. Edit your httpd.conf or srm.conf file and check that these lines are
    present and not commented out:
  
   AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

   LoadModule php4_module        libexec/libphp4.so
 
  You can choose any extension you wish here.  .php is simply the one
  we suggest. You can even include .html, and .php3 can be added for 
  backwards compatibility.
 
  The path on the right hand side of the LoadModule statement must point
  to the path of the PHP module on your system. The above statement is 
  correct for the steps shown above.


15. Use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server. (You must
    stop and restart the server, not just cause the server to reload by
    use a HUP or USR1 signal.)

Depending on your Apache install and Unix variant, there are many possible ways to stop and restart the server. Below are some typical lines used in restarting the server, for different apache/unix installations. You should replace /path/to/ with the path to these applications on your systems.

1. Several Linux and SysV variants:
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart

2. Using apachectl scripts:
/path/to/apachectl stop
/path/to/apachectl start

3. httpdctl and httpsdctl (Using OpenSSL), similar to apachectl:
/path/to/httpsdctl stop
/path/to/httpsdctl start

4. Using mod_ssl, or another SSL server, you may want to manually
stop and start:
/path/to/apachectl stop
/path/to/apachectl startssl

Different examples of compiling PHP for apache are as follows:

./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql

This will create a libphp4.so shared library that is loaded into Apache using a LoadModule line in Apache's httpd.conf file. The PostgreSQL support is embedded into this libphp4.so library.

./configure --with-apxs --with-pgsql=shared

This will create a libphp4.so shared library for Apache, but it will also create a pgsql.so shared library that is loaded into PHP either by using the extension directive in php.ini file or by loading it explicitly in a script using the dl() function.

./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql

This will create a libmodphp4.a library, a mod_php4.c and some accompanying files and copy this into the src/modules/php4 directory in the Apache source tree. Then you compile Apache using --activate-module=src/modules/php4/libphp4.a and the Apache build system will create libphp4.a and link it statically into the httpd binary. The PostgreSQL support is included directly into this httpd binary, so the final result here is a single httpd binary that includes all of Apache and all of PHP.

./configure --with-apache=/path/to/apache_source --with-pgsql=shared

Same as before, except instead of including PostgreSQL support directly into the final httpd you will get a pgsql.so shared library that you can load into PHP from either the php.ini file or directly using dl().

When choosing to build PHP in different ways, you should consider the advantages and drawbacks of each method. Building as a shared object will mean that you can compile apache separately, and don't have to recompile everything as you add to, or change, PHP. Building PHP into apache (static method) means that PHP will load and run faster. For more information, see the Apache webpage on DSO support.

Installing PHP on Windows with Apache 1.3.x

There are two ways to set up PHP to work with Apache 1.3.x on Windows. One is to use the CGI binary (php.exe), the other is to use the Apache module DLL. In either case you need to stop the Apache server, and edit your srm.conf or httpd.conf to configure Apache to work with PHP.

It is worth noting here that now the SAPI module has been made more stable under windows, we recommend it's use above the CGI binary, since it is more transparent and secure.

Although there can be a few variations of configuring PHP under Apache, these are simple enough to be used by the newcomer. Please consult the Apache Docs for further configuration directives.

If you unziped the PHP package to c:\php\ as described in the Manual Installation Steps section, you need to insert these lines to your Apache configuration file to set up the CGI binary:

• ScriptAlias /php/ "c:/php/"

• AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

• Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"

If you would like to use PHP as a module in Apache, be sure to move php4ts.dll to the windows/system (for Windows 9x/Me) or winnt/system32 (for Windows NT/2000/XP) directory, overwriting any older file. Then you should add the following two lines to you Apache conf file:

• LoadModule php4_module c:/php/sapi/php4apache.dll

• AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

After changing the configuration file, remember to restart the server, for example, NET STOP APACHE followed by NET START APACHE, if you run Apache as a Windows Service, or use your regular shortcuts.

There are 2 ways you can use the source code highlighting feature, however their ability to work depends on your installation. If you have configured Apache to use PHP as an ISAPI module, then by adding the following line to your configuration file you can use this feature: AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

If you chose to configure Apache to use PHP as a CGI binary, you will need to use the show_source() function. To do this simply create a PHP script file and add this code: <?php show_source ("original_php_script.php"); ?>. Substitute original_php_script.php with the name of the file you wish to show the source of.

Óçìåéþóåéò óõìâáôüôçôáò ôçò PHP êáé ôïõ Apache 2.0

Ïé ðáñáêÜôù åêäüóåéò ôçò PHP åßíáé ãíùóôü íá äïõëåýïõí ìå ôçí ðéï ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç ôïõ Apache 2.0:

• PHP 4.3.0 Þ íåüôåñç äéáèÝóéìç óôï http://www.php.net/downloads.php.
• Ç ôåëåõôáßá óôáèåñÞ development Ýêäïóç. ÐÜñôå ôï source code (ðçãáßï êþäéêá) http://snaps.php.net/php4-latest.tar.gz Þ êÜíôå download ôá binaries ãéá windows http://snaps.php.net/win32/php4-win32-latest.zip.
• Ìéá prerelease Ýêäïóç ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé download áðü http://qa.php.net/.
• ¸÷åôå ðÜíôá ôçí åðéëïãÞ íá áðïêôÞóåôå ôçí PHP áðü anonymous CVS.

PHP êáé Apache 2 óôï Linux

ÊÜíôå download ôçí ðéï ðñüóöáôå Ýêäïóç ôïõ Apache 2.0 êáé ìéá êáôÜëëçëç Ýêäïóç ôçò PHP áðü ôéò ôïðïèåóßåò ðïõ áíáöÝñèçêáí ðéï ðñéí. Áõôüò ï ãñÞãïñïò ïäçãüò êáëýðôåé üëá ôá âáóéêÜ ãéá íá áñ÷ßóåôå ìå ôïí Apache 2.0 êáé ôçí PHP. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò äéáâÜóôå ôï Apache Documentation. Ïé áñéèìïß ôùí åêäüóåùí Ý÷ïõí ðáñáëçöèåß åäþ, þóôå ïé ïäçãßåò íá ìçí åßíáé áíáëçèåßò. Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá 'NN' ìå ôéò óùóôÝò ôéìÝò áðü ôá áñ÷åßá óáò.

1.  gzip -d httpd-2_0_NN.tar.gz
2.  tar xvf httpd-2_0_NN.tar
3.  gunzip php-NN.tar.gz
4.  tar -xvf php-NN.tar
5.  cd httpd-2_0_NN
6.  ./configure --enable-so
7.  make
8.  make install

    Now you have Apache 2.0.NN available under /usr/local/apache2,
    configured with loadable module support and the standard MPM prefork.
    To test the installation use your normal procedure for starting
    the Apache server, e.g.:
    /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
    and stop the server to go on with the configuration for PHP:
    /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop.

9.  cd ../php4-NN
10. ./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
11. make
12. make install
13. cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini

    Edit your php.ini file to set PHP options. If
    you prefer this file in another location, use
    --with-config-file-path=/path in step 10.

14. Edit your httpd.conf file and check that these lines are
    present:
  
   LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so
   AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

  You can choose any extension you wish here. .php is simply the one
  we suggest.
 
  The path on the right hand side of the LoadModule statement must point
  to the path of the PHP module on your system. The above statement is
  correct for the steps shown above.

15. Use your normal procedure for starting the Apache server, e.g.:
   /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

Áêïëïõèþíôáò ôá âÞìáôá ðáñáðÜíù èá Ý÷åôå Ýíá Apache 2.0 ðïõ èá ôñÝ÷åé ìå õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá PHP üðùò ôï SAPI module. ÖõóéêÜ õðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëý ðåñéóóüôåñåò åðéëïãÝò ñýèìéóçò äéáèÝóéìåò ôüóï ãéá ôïí Apache üóï êáé ãéá ôçí PHP. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ./configure --help óôï áíÜëïãï source tree. Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå build ìéá multithreaded (ðïëõíçìáôéêÞ) Ýêäïóç ôïõ Apache 2.0 ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå overwrite ôï êïéíü MPM-Module prefork ìå Ýíá áðü ôá worker Þ perchild. Ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, ðñïóèÝóôå óôçí configure ãñáììÞ óáò óôï âÞìá 6, Ýíá áðü ôá --with-mpm=worker Þ --with-mpm=perchild. ËÜâåôå õðüøéí ôéò óõíÝðåéåò êáé êáôáíïÞóôå ôï ôé êÜíåôå. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò äéáâÜóôå ôï Apache documentation ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá MPM-Modules.

PHP êáé Apache 2.0 óôá Windows

ËÜâåôå õðüøéí ôï íá äéáâÜóåôå ôéò Óçìåéþóåéò åéäéêÜ ãéá Windows ãéá ôïí Apache 2.0.

ÊÜíôå download ôçí ðéï ðñüóöáôå Ýêäïóç ôïõ Apache 2.0 êáé ìéá êáôÜëëçëç Ýêäïóç ôçò PHP áðü ôéò ôïðïèåóßåò ðïõ áíáöÝñèçêáí ðéï ðÜíù. ÁêïëïõèÞóôå ôá ÂÞìáôá ×åéñïêßíçôçò ÅãêáôÜóôáóçò êáé åëÜôå ðßóù ãéá íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óôçí óõíåñãáóßá ôçò PHP êáé ôïõ Apache.

ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï ôñüðïé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôçí PHP íá äïõëåýåé ìå ôïí Apache 2.0 óôá Windows. Ï Ýíáò åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï CGI binary, ï Üëëïò åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï Apache module DLL. Óå êÜèå ðåñßðôùóç ðñÝðåé íá óôáìáôÞóåôå ôïí Apache server êáé íá ìïñöïðïéÞóåôå ôï httpd.conf óáò ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôïí Apache þóôå íá äïõëåýåé ìå ôçí PHP.

ÐñÝðåé íá åéóÜãåôå áõôÝò ôéò ôñåéò ãñáììÝò óôï httpd.conf áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ Apache óáò ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï CGI binary:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 3-7. PHP êáé Apache 2.0 óáí CGI ScriptAlias /php/ "c:/php/" AddType application/x-httpd-php .php Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"

Áí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí PHP óáí Ýíá module óôïí Apache 2.0, ìåôáêéíÞóåôå ôï php4ts.dll óôï winnt/system32 (ãéá ôá Windows NT/2000) Þ óôï windows/system32 (for Windows XP), êÜíïíôáò overwriting ôõ÷üí ðáëáéüôåñï áñ÷åßï. ÐñÝðåé íá åéóÜãåôå áõôÝò ôéò äõï ãñáììÝò óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí httpd.conf ôïõ Apache óáò ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PHP-Module ãéá ôïí Apache 2.0:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 3-8. PHP êáé Apache 2.0 óáí Module LoadModule php4_module "c:/php/sapi/php4apache2.dll" AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

Windows êáé PWS/IIS 3

Ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç ìÝèïäïò ãéá ôçí ñýèìéóç áõôþí ôùí server åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï REG ðïõ óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé ìå ôçí äéáíïìÞ óáò (pws-php4cgi.reg). Èá èÝëåôå íá ìïñöïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï êáé íá óéãïõñåõôåßôå ðùò ïé åðåêôÜóåéò êáé ïé êáôÜëïãïé åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôçò PHP ôáéñéÜæïõí ìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò óáò. ¹ ìðïñåßôå íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôá âÞìáôá ðáñáêÜôù ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá.

• ÔñÝîôå ôï Regedit.

• Ðçãáßíåôå óôï: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE /System /CurrentControlSet /Services /W3Svc /Parameters /ScriptMap.

• Óôï edit menu åðéëÝîôå:New->String Value.

• ÃñÜøôå ôçí åðÝêôáóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ãéá ôá php scripts óáò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá .php

• ÊÜíôå äéðëü êëéê óôï new string value åéóÜãåôå ôï path ãéá ôï php.exe ìÝóá óôï ðåäßï. ð.÷.: c:\php\php.exe.

• ÅðáíáëÜâåôå áõôÜ ôá âÞìáôá ãéá êÜèå åðÝêôáóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá óõíäõÜóåôå ìå ôá PHP script óáò.

Ôá áêüëïõèá âÞìáôá äåí åðéñåÜæïõí ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ web server êáé éó÷ýïõí ìüíï áí ôá php script óáò èá åêôåëïýíôáé áðü ôï command line (ð.÷. ôñÝ÷ïíôáò c:\myscripts\test.php) Þ êÜíïíôáò äéðëü êëéê ðÜíù ôïõò óå Ýíá ðáñÜèõñï åìöÜíéóçò êáôáëüãïõ. Ìðïñåß íá èÝëåôå íá ôá ðáñáëåßøåôå áí ðñïôéìÜôå ôá PHP áñ÷åßá óáò íá öïñôþíïíôáé óå Ýíá text editor üôáí êÜíåôå äéðëü êëéê ðÜíù ôïõò.

• Ðçãáßíåôå óôï: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

• Óôï edit menu åðéëÝîôå: New->Key.

• ÏíïìÜóôå ôï êëåéäß ìå ôçí åðÝêôáóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå ïñßóåé óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá. ð.÷.: .php

• ÊÜíôå highlight ôï íÝï êëåéäß êáé óôï äåîß side pane, êÜíôå äéðëü êëéê óôï "default value" êáé ãñÜøôå phpfile.

• ÅðáíáëÜâåôå ôï ôåëåõôáßï âÞìá ãéá êÜèå åðÝêôáóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå ïñßóåé óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá

• Ôþñá äçìéïõñãÞóôå áêüìç Ýíá New->Key óôï HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT êáé ïíïìÜóôå ôï phpfile.

• ÊÜíôå highlight ôï íÝï êëåéäß êáé óôï äåîß side pane, êÜíôå äéðëü êëéê óôï "default value" êáé ãñÜøôå PHP script.

• ÊÜíôå äåîß êëéê óôï phpfile key êáé åðéëÝîôå New->Key êáé ïíïìÜóôå ôï Shell.

• ÊÜíôå äåîß êëéê óôï Shell key êáé åðéëÝîôå New->Key êáé ïíïìÜóôå ôï open.

• ÊÜíôå äåîß êïõìðß óôï open key êáé åðéëÝîôå New->Key êáé ïíïìÜóôå ôï command.

• ÊÜíôå highlight óôï íÝï êëåéäß command êáé óôï äåîéÜ side pane, êÜíôå äéðëü êëéê óôï "default value" êáé ãñÜøôå ôï path óôï php.exe. ð.÷.: c:\php\php.exe -q %1. (ìçí îå÷Üóåôå ôï %1).

• Âãåßôå áðü ôï Regedit.

• Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå PWS óôá Windows, êÜíôå reboot êáé îáíáöïñôþóôå ôï registry.

Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôùí PWS êáé IIS 3 ôþñá Ý÷ïõí Ýíá ðëÞñåò ëåéôïõñãÞóéìï óýóôçìá. Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ IIS 3 ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí Ýíá êïìøü åñãáëåßï áðü ôïí Steven Genusa ãéá íá ñõèìßæïõí ôá script maps ôïõò.

Windows êáé PWS 4 Þ íåüôåñï

¼ôáí åãêáèéóôÜôå ôçí PHP óôá Windows ìå ôï PWS 4 Þ íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç, Ý÷åôå äýï åðéëïãÝò. Ç ìßá åßíáé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PHP CGI binary, ç Üëëç íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí ISAPI module DLL âéâëéïèÞêç.

Áí åðéëÝîåôå ôï CGI binary, êÜíôå ôá áêüëïõèá:

• ÊÜíôå edit ôï áñ÷åßï pws-php4cgi.reg (êïéôÜîôå ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï SAPI) ãéá íá áíôáíáêëÜ ôçí ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ php.exe áñ÷åßïõ. Ôá backslashes ðñÝðåé íá ãßíïíôáé escape, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá: [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\w3svc\parameters\Script Map] ".php"="c:\\php\\php.exe" Ôþñá åíþóôå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï registry óôï óýóôçìá óáò êÜíïíôáò äéðëü êëéê ðÜíù ôïõ.

• ÌÝóá óôï PWS Manager, êÜíôå äéðëü êëéê óå Ýíá directory ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå õðïóôÞñéîç PHP êáé åðéëÝîôå Properties. ÅðéëÝîôå ôï 'Execute' checkbox êáé åðéâåâáéþóôå.

Áí åðéëÝîåôå ôï ISAPI module, êÜíôå ôá áêüëïõèá:

• ÊÜíôå edit ôï pws-php4isapi.reg áñ÷åßï (êïéôÜîôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï SAPI) ãéá íá áíôáíáêëÜ ôçí ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ php4isapi.dll. Ôá backslash ðñÝðåé íá ãßíïíôáé escape, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá: [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\w3svc\parameters\Script Map] ".php"="c:\\php\\sapi\\php4isapi.dll" Ôþñá åíþóôå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï registry óôï óýóôçìá óáò êÜíïíôáò äéðëü êëéê ðÜíù ôïõ.

• ÌÝóá óôï PWS Manager, êÜíôå äéðëü êëéê óå Ýíá äåäïìÝíï directory ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå õðïóôÞñéîç PHP, êáé åðéëÝîôå Properties. ÅëÝãîôå ôï 'Execute' checkbox êáé åðéâåâáéþóôå.

Windows NT/2000/XP êáé IIS 4 Þ íåüôåñï

Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí PHP óå Ýíá NT/2000/XP Server ðïõ ôñÝ÷åé IIS 4 Þ íåüôåñï, áêïëïõèÞóôå áõôÝò ôéò ïäçãßåò. ¸÷åôå äýï åðéëïãÝò ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôçí PHP, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï CGI binary (php.exe) Þ ìå ôï ISAPI module.

Óå êÜèå ðåñßðôùóç, ðñÝðåé íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôï Microsoft Management Console (ìðïñåß íá åìöáíßæåôáé ùò 'Internet Services Manager', åßôå ìÝóá óôï Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack branch Þ óôï Control Panel=>Administrative Tools óôá Windows 2000/XP). Ôüôå êÜíôå äåîß êëéê óôï Web server node óáò (áõôü ðéèáíþò íá åìöáíßæåôáé ùò 'Default Web Server'), êáé åðéëÝîôå 'Properties'.

Áí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï CGI binary, êÜíôå ôá áêüëïõèá:

• Óôï 'Home Directory', 'Virtual Directory', Þ 'Directory', êÜíôå êëéê óôï êïõìðß 'Configuration', êáé ôüôå åéóÜãåôå ôï App Mappings tab.

• ÅðéëÝîôå Add, êáé óôï êïõôß Executable, ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå: c:\php\php.exe (õðïèÝôïíôáò ðùò Ý÷åôå êÜíåé unzip ôçí PHP óôï c:\php\).

• Óôï êïõôß Extension (åðÝêôáóç), ãñÜøôå ôçí åðÝêôáóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå associate (óõíäõÜóåôå) ìå ôá PHP scripts. ÁöÞóôå ôï 'Method exclusions' êåíü êáé åðéëÝîôå ôï Script engine checkbox. Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá åðéëÝîåôå ôï 'check that file exists' êïõôß - ãéá ìéá ìéêñÞ ðïéíÞ áðüäïóçò ï IIS (Þ ï PWS) èá åëÝãîïõí üôé ôï script áñ÷åßï õðÜñ÷åé êáé èá ôáêôïðïéÞóïõí ôï authentication ðñéí îåêéíÞóïõí ôçí php. Áõôü óçìáßíåé ðùò èá ðáßñíåôå ëïãéêÜ ìçíýìáôá óöáëìÜôùí ôïõ óôõë ôïõ 404 áíôß óöÜëìáôá ðïõ ðáñáðïíéïýíôáé ðùò ç php äåí åß÷å äåäïìÝíá óôçí Ýîïäï ôçò.

  ÐñÝðåé íá îáíáñ÷ßóåôå áðü ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï âÞìá ãéá êÜèå åðÝêôáóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ôçí óõíäõÜóåôå ìå ôá PHP script. Ôá .php êáé .phtml åßíáé óõ÷íÜ, áí êáé ôï .php3 ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ãéá ðáëéÝò åöáñìïãÝò.

• Ïñßóôå ôçí áðáñáßôçôç áóöÜëåéá. (Áõôü ãßíåôáé óôï Internet Service Manager), êáé áí ï NT Server óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß NTFS file system, ðñïóèÝóôå äéêáéþìáôá åêôÝëåóçò óôïí I_USR_ óôïí êáôÜëïãï ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé php.exe.

Ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï ISAPI module, êÜíôå ôá áêüëïõèá:

• Áí äåí èÝëåôå íá ðñáãìáôïðïéåßôå HTTP Authentication ìå ôçí PHP, ìðïñåßôå (êáé èá ðñÝðåé) íá ðáñáëåßøåôå áõôü ôï âÞìá. ÊÜôù áðü ôá ISAPI Filters (ößëôñá), ðñïóèÝóôå Ýíá íÝï ößëôñï ISAPI. ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí PHP óáí üíïìá ößëôñïõ êáé ïñßóôå Ýíá path óôï php4isapi.dll.

• ÊÜôù áðü ôï 'Home Directory', êÜíôå êëéê óôï êïõìðß 'Configuration'. ÐñïóèÝóôå ìéá íÝá êáôá÷þñçóç óôï Application Mappings. ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï path óôï php4isapi.dll óáí Executable, ïñßóôå ôï .php ãéá ôçí åðÝêôáóç, áöÞóôå ôï Method exclusions êåíü êáé åðéëÝîôå ôï Script engine checkbox.

• ÓôáìáôÞóôå ôåëåßùò ôïí IIS (NET STOP iisadmin)

• ÎåêéíÞóôå îáíÜ ôïí IIS (NET START w3svc)

ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò PHP ìå ôï Netscape óå Sun Solaris

Ãéá íá êÜíåôå build ôçí PHP ìå ôïõò NES Þ iPlanet web servers, åéóÜãåôå ôïí óùóôü êáôÜëïãï åãêáôÜóôáóçò óôçí åðéëïãÞ --with-nsapi = DIR. Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò êáôÜëïãïò åßíáé óõíÞèùò /opt/netscape/suitespot/. Ðáñáêáëïýìå äéáâÜóôå åðßóçò ôï /php-xxx-version/sapi/nsapi/nsapi-readme.txt.

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 3-10. ÐáñÜäåéãìá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ãéá ôïí Netscape Enterprise óå Solaris Instructions for Sun Solaris 2.6 with Netscape Enterprise Server 3.6 From: bhager@invacare.com 1. Install the following packages from www.sunfreeware.com or another download site: flex-2_5_4a-sol26-sparc-local gcc-2_95_2-sol26-sparc-local gzip-1.2.4-sol26-sparc-local perl-5_005_03-sol26-sparc-local bison-1_25-sol26-sparc-local make-3_76_1-sol26-sparc-local m4-1_4-sol26-sparc-local autoconf-2.13 automake-1.4 mysql-3.23.24-beta (if you want mysql support) tar-1.13 (GNU tar) 2. Make sure your path includes the proper directories PATH=.:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH 3. gunzip php-x.x.x.tar.gz (if you have a .gz dist, otherwise go to 4) 4. tar xvf php-x.x.x.tar 5. cd ../php-x.x.x 6. For the following step, make sure /opt/netscape/suitespot/ is where your netscape server is installed. Otherwise, change to correct path: /configure --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-nsapi=/opt/netscape/suitespot/ --enable-track-vars --enable-libgcc 7. make 8. make install

ÌåôÜ ôç âáóéêÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç êáé ôçí áíÜãíùóç ôïõ êáôÜëëçëïõ áñ÷åßïõ readme, ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå êÜðïéá åðéðëÝïí âÞìáôá ñõèìßóåùí.

Ðñþôá ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ðñïóèÝóåôå êÜðïéá paths óôï LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment ãéá íá âñåé üëåò ôéò shared libs ï Netscape. Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé êáëýôåñá óôï start script ãéá ôïí Netscape server óáò. Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôùí Windows ìðïñïýí ðéèáíþò íá ðáñáëåßøïõí áõôü ôï âÞìá. Ôï start script óõ÷íÜ âñßóêåôáé óôï: /path/to/server/https-servername/start

Ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß åðßóçò íá êÜíåôå edit ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óôï:/path/to/server/https-servername/config/.

Configuration Instructions for Netscape Enterprise Server
From: bhager@invacare.com

1. Add the following line to mime.types:
    type=magnus-internal/x-httpd-php exts=php

2. Add the following to obj.conf, shlib will vary depending on
    your OS, for unix it will be something like
    /opt/netscape/suitespot/bin/libphp4.so.

    You should place the following lines after mime types init.
    Init fn="load-modules" funcs="php4_init,php4_close,php4_execute,php4_auth_trans" shlib="/php4/nsapiPHP4.dll"
    Init fn=php4_init errorString="Failed to initialize PHP!"

    <object name="default">
    . 
    . 
    . 
    .#NOTE this next line should happen after all 'ObjectType' and before all 'AddLog' lines 
    Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" 
    . 
    . 
    </Object>


    <Object name="x-httpd-php"> 
    ObjectType fn="force-type" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" 
    Service fn=php4_execute 
    </Object> 


    Authentication configuration 

    PHP authentication cannot be used with any other authentication. ALL AUTHENTICATION IS 
    PASSED TO YOUR PHP SCRIPT. To configure PHP Authentication for the entire server, add 
    the following line: 

    <Object name="default"> 
    AuthTrans fn=php4_auth_trans 
    . 
    . 
    . 
    . 
    </Object> 

    To use PHP Authentication on a single directory, add the following: 

    <Object ppath="d:\path\to\authenticated\dir\*"> 
    AuthTrans fn=php4_auth_trans 
    </Object>

Áí ôñÝ÷åôå Netscape Enterprise 4.x, ôüôå èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôá áêüëïõèá:

Place these lines after the mime types init, and everything else is similar
to the example configuration above.
From: Graeme Hoose (GraemeHoose@BrightStation.com)

Init fn="load-modules" shlib="/path/to/server4/bin/libphp4.so" funcs="php4_init,php4_close,php4_execute,php4_auth_trans"
Init fn="php4_init" LateInit="yes"

ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò PHP ìå ôïí Netscape óå Windows

Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí PHP óáí CGI (ãéá ôïí Netscape Enterprise Server, iPlanet, ßóùò Fastrack), êÜíôå ôá áêüëïõèá:

• ÁíôéãñÜøôå ôï php4ts.dll óôï systemroot óáò (ôïí êáôÜëïãï ðïõ Ý÷åôå åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôá windows)

• ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá file association áðü ôï command line. ÐëçêôñïëïãÞóôå ôéò áêüëïõèåò äýï ãñáììÝò:

  assoc .php=PHPScript ftype PHPScript=c:\php\php.exe %1 %*

• Óôï Netscape Enterprise Administration Server äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá dummy shellcgi êáôÜëïãï êáé áöáéñÝóôå ôïí áìÝóùò ìåôÜ (áõôü ôï âÞìá äçìéïõñãåß 5 óçìáíôéêÝò ãñáììÝò óôï obj.conf êáé åðéôñÝðåé óôïí web server íá ÷åéñßæåôáé shellcgi scripts).

• Óôï Netscape Enterprise Administration Server äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá íÝï mime type (Category: type, Content-Type: magnus-internal/shellcgi, File Suffix:php).

• ÊÜíôå ôï ãéá êÜèå web server instance ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ôñÝ÷åé ç php

Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç ñýèìéóç ôçò PHP óáí CGI executable ìðïñïýí íá âñåèïýí åäþ: http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php.html

Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí PHP óáí NSAPI (ãéá ôïí Netscape Enterprise Server, iPlanet, ßóùò Fastrack, êÜíôå ôá áêüëïõèá:

• ÁíôéãñÜøôå ôï php4ts.dll óôï systemroot óáò (ôïí êáôÜëïãï ðïõ Ý÷åôå åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôá windows)

• ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá file association áðü ôï command line. ÐëçêôñïëïãÞóôå ôéò áêüëïõèåò äýï ãñáììÝò:

  assoc .php=PHPScript ftype PHPScript=c:\php\php.exe %1 %*

• Óôï Netscape Enterprise Administration Server äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá íÝï mime type (Category: type, Content-Type: magnus-internal/x-httpd-php, File Suffix:php).

• ÓôáìáôÞóôå ôï web service óáò êáé êÜíôå edit ôï obj.conf. Óôï ôÝëïò ôçò åíüôçôáò Init, ôïðïèåôÞóôå áõôÝò ôéò äýï ãñáììÝò (áðáñáßôçôá ìåôÜ ôï mime type init!):

  Init fn="load-modules" funcs="php4_init,php4_close,php4_execute,php4_auth_trans" shlib="c:/php/sapi/php4nsapi.dll" Init fn="php4_init" errorString="Failed to initialise PHP!"

• ÌÝóá óôçí åíüôçôá < Object name="default" > ôïðïèåôÞóôå áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ áðáñáßôçôá ìåôÜ áðü üëá ôá 'ObjectType' êáé ðñéí áðü üëåò ôéò 'AddLog' ãñáììÝò:

  Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php"

• Óôï ôÝëïò ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ, äçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá íÝï áíôéêåßìåíï ìå üíïìá x-httpd-php, ôïðïèåôþíôáò áõôÝò ôéò ãñáììÝò:

  <Object name="x-httpd-php"> ObjectType fn="force-type" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" Service fn=php4_execute </Object>

• ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï web service êáé åöáñìüóôå ôéò áëëáãÝò

• ÊÜíôå ôï áõôü ãéá êÜèå web server instance ðïõ èÝëåôå íá ôñÝ÷åé ç PHP

Ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôçí PHP óáí Ýíá NSAPI filter ìðïñïýí íá âñåèïýí åäþ: http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php4.html

OmniHTTPd 2.0b1 êáé ðÜíù ãéá Windows

Ç ïëïêëÞñùóç ôùí ðáñáêÜôù âçìÜôùí áðáéôåßôáé ãéá íá êÜíåôå ôçí PHP íá äïõëåýåé ìå ôïí OmniHTTPd. ÁõôÞ åßíáé ìéá CGI executable åãêáôÜóôáóç. Ôï SAPI õðïóôçñßæåôáé áðü ôïí OmniHTTPd, áëëÜ êÜðïéåò äïêéìÝò Ýäåéîáí ðùò äåí åßíáé óôáèåñÞ ç ÷ñÞóç ôçò PHP óáí ISAPI module.

• ÂÞìá 1: ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí OmniHTTPd server.

• ÂÞìá 2: ÊÜíôå äåîß êëéê óôï ìðëå åéêïíßäéï ôïõ OmniHTTPd icon óôï system tray êáé åðéëÝîôå Properties

• ÂÞìá 3: ÊÜíôå êëéê óôï Web Server Global Settings

• ÂÞìá 4: Óôï 'External' tab, âÜëôå: virtual = .php | actual = c:\path-to-php-dir\php.exe êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï êïõìðß Add.

• ÂÞìá 5: Óôï Mime tab, ãñÜøôå: virtual = wwwserver/stdcgi | actual = .php, êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï êïõìðß Add.

• ÂÞìá 6: ÊÜíôå êëéê óôï OK

ÅðáíáëÜâåôå ôá âÞìáôá 2 - 6 ãéá êÜèå åðÝêôáóç ðïõ èÝëåôå íá óõíäõÜóåôå ìå ôçí PHP.

Oreilly Website Pro 2.5 êáé ðÜíù ãéá Windows

Áõôüò ï êáôÜëïãïò ðåñéãñÜöåé ðþò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PHP CGI binary Þ ôï ISAPI module ãéá íá äïõëåýïõí ìå ôï Oreilly Website Pro óôá Windows.

• ÊÜíôå edit ôï Server Properties êáé åðéëÝîôå ôï tab "Mapping".

• Áðü ôïí êáôÜëïãï åðéëÝîôå "Associations" êáé åéóÜãåôå ôçí åðéèõìçôÞ åðÝêôáóç (.php) êáé ôï path óôï CGI exe (ð.÷. c:\php\php.exe) Þ óôï ISAPI DLL áñ÷åßï (ð.÷. c:\php\sapi\php4isapi.dll).

• ÅðéëÝîôå "Content Types" êáé ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí ßäéá åðÝêôáóç (.php) êáé åéóÜãåôå ôï content type. Áí åðéëÝîôå ôï CGI executable áñ÷åßï, åéóÜãåôå 'wwwserver/shellcgi', áí åðéëÝîáôå ôï ISAPI module, åéóÜãåôå 'wwwserver/isapi' (êáé ôá äýï ÷ùñßò quotes).

Sambar Windows

Áõôüò ï êáôÜëïãïò ðåñéãñÜöåé ðþò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï ISAPI module íá äïõëåýåé ìå ôïí Sambar server óôá Windows.

• Âñåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï ìå üíïìá mappings.ini (ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï config) óôïí êáôÜëïãï åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ Sambar.

• Áíïßîôå ôï mappings.ini êáé ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç ãñáììÞ êÜôù áðü ôï [ISAPI]:

  *.php = c:\php\php4isapi.dll

  (ÁõôÞ ç ãñáììÞ õðïèÝôåé üôé ç PHP Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß óôï c:\php.)

• Ôþñá åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôïí Sambar server ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéçèïýí ïé áëëáãÝò.

Xitami ãéá Windows

Áõôüò ï êáôÜëïãïò ðåñéãñÜöåé ðþò íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï PHP CGI binary Þ ôï ISAPI module ãéá íá äïõëåýïõí ìå ôï Oreilly Website Pro óôá Windows.

• Óéãïõñåõôåßôå ðùò ï webserver óáò ôñÝ÷åé êáé ðëïçãÞóôå ôïí browser óáò óôï xitamis admin console (óõíÞèùò http://127.0.0.1/admin), êáé êÜíôå êëéê óôï Configuration.

• Ðçãáßíåôå óôá Filters, êáé âÜëôå ôçí åðÝêôáóç ôçí ïðïßá ç PHP èá ìåôáöñÜæåé (ð.÷. .php) óôï ðåäßï File extensions (.xxx).

• Óôï Filter command or script âÜëôå ôï path êáé ôï üíïìá ôïõ php åêôåëÝóéìïõ ð.÷. c:\php\php.exe.

• ÐáôÞóôå ôï åéêïíßäéï 'Save'.

• ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôïí server ãéá íá öáíïýí ïé áëëáãÝò.

ÄéáâÜóôå ôá FAQ

ÊÜðïéá ðñïâëÞìáôá åßíáé ðéï óõ÷íÜ áðü Üëëá. Ôá ðéï óõ÷íÜ âñßóêïíôáé óôçí åíüôçôá PHP FAQ áõôïý ôïõ manual.

¢ëëá ðñïâëÞìáôá

Áí áêüìç åßóôå êïëëçìÝíïé, êÜðïéïò óôçí PHP installation mailing list ìðïñåß íá óáò âïçèÞóåé. Èá ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå ðñþôá ôï éóôïñéêü (archive), óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ êÜðïéïò Ý÷åé Þäç áðáíôÞóåé êÜðïéïõ Üëëïõ ðïõ åß÷å ôï ßäéï ðñüâëçìá ìå óáò. Ôï éóôïñéêü åßíáé äéáèÝóéìï áðü ôç óåëßäá õðïóôÞñéîçò óôï http://www.php.net/. Ãéá íá ãñáöôåßôå óôçí PHP installation mailing list, óôåßëôå Ýíá êåíü email óôï php-install-subscribe@lists.php.net. Ç äéåýèõíóç ôçò mailing list åßíáé php-install@lists.php.net.

Áí èÝëåôå íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí óôçí mailing list, ðáñáêáëïýìå ðñïóðáèÞóôå íá åßóôå áêñéâÞò êáé íá äþóåôå ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò ëåðôïìÝñåéò ãéá ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò (ôé ëåéôïõñãéêü, Ýêäïóç PHP, web server Ý÷åôå, áí ôñÝ÷åôå ôçí PHP óáí CGI Þ server module, safe mode, êëð...) êáé êáôÜ ðñïôßìçóç áñêåôü êþäéêá ãéá íá ìðïñïýí Üëëïé íá áíáðáñáãÜãïõí êáé íá äïêéìÜóïõí ôï ðñüâëçìá óáò.

ÁíáöïñÝò ãéá Bug

Áí ðéóôåýåôå ðùò âñÞêáôå Ýíá bug óôçí PHP, ðáñáêáëïýìå áíáöÝñåôå ôï. Ïé PHP developers ðéèáíüí íá ìçí ôï îÝñïõí êáé, åêôüò êáé áí ôï áíáöÝñåôå, ïé ðéèáíüôçôåò åßíáé íá ìçí öôéá÷ôåß. Ìðïñåßôå íá áíáöÝñåôå bugs ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï bug-tracking óýóôçìá óôï http://bugs.php.net/. Ðáñáêáëïýìå ìçí óôÝëíåôå áíáöïñÝò ãéá bug óôçí mailing list Þ óå ðñïóùðéêÜ email. To bug system åßíáé åðßóçò êáôÜëëçëï ãéá íá êáôá÷ùñïýíôáé áéôÞóåéò ãéá íÝá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ.

ÄéáâÜóôå ôï Ýããñáöï íÐùò áíáöÝñù Ýíá bug ðñéí óôåßëåôå êÜðïéá áíáöïñÜ ãéá bug!

ÅðéëïãÝò Ñýèìéóçò ôçò PHP 4

×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí PHP óáí Apache module

¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí PHP óáí Ýíá Apache module, ìðïñåßôå áêüìç íá áëëÜîåôå ôéò åðéëïãÝò ñõèìßóåùí ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò directives óôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ Apache (ð.÷. httpd.conf) êáé ôá áñ÷åßá .htaccess (Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ïñßóåôå ôá "AllowOverride Options" Þ "AllowOverride All" äéêáéþìáôá)

Ìå ôçí PHP 4.0, õðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôÜ Apache directives ðïõ óáò åðéôñÝðïõí íá áëëÜîåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôçò PHP ìÝóá áðü ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ Apache. Ãéá Ýíá ðëÞñç êáôÜëïãï ôùí ðïéþí directives åßíáé ôá PHP_INI_ALL, PHP_INI_PERDIR, or PHP_INI_SYSTEM, ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ óôïí ðßíáêá ðïõ ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß óôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ ini_set().

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 4-2. ÐáñÜäåéãìá ñýèìéóçò Apache <IfModule mod_php4.c> php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php" php_admin_flag safe_mode on </IfModule> <IfModule mod_php3.c> php3_include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php" php3_safe_mode on </IfModule>

¢ëëá interface óôç PHP

ÁíåîÜñôçôá áðü ôï interface óôç PHP ìðïñåßôå íá áëëÜîåôå ïñéóìÝíåò ôéìÝò êáôÜ ôçí åêôÝëåóç ôùí script óáò ìÝóù ôçò ini_set(). Ï áêüëïõèïò ðßíáêáò ðñïóöÝñåé ìéá ðåñéãñáöÞ óå ðïéï åðßðåäï ìðïñåß íá ïñéóôåß/áëëá÷èåß Ýíá directive.

Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôùí ôéìþí óôçí Ýîïäï ôçò phpinfo(). Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ðñïóðåëÜóåôå ôéò ôéìÝò ôïõ êÜèå directives ñýèìéóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò ini_get() Þ get_cfg_var().

ÅðéëïãÝò ôïõ Httpd

ÅðéëïãÝò Ãëþóóáò

Áêïëïõèåß ìéá ìéêñÞ åðåîÞãçóç ôùí directive ñõèìßóåùí.

Ðåñéïñéóìïß ðüñùí

Áêïëïõèåß ìéá ìéêñÞ åðåîÞãçóç ôùí directive ñõèìßóåùí.

Äåßôå åðßóçò: max_execution_time.

×åéñéóìüò ÄåäïìÝíùí

Áêïëïõèåß ìéá ìéêñÞ åðåîÞãçóç ôùí directive ñõèìßóåùí.

Äåßôå åðßóçò ôá: magic_quotes_gpc, magic-quotes-runtime, êáé magic_quotes_sybase.

Paths êáé ÊáôÜëïãïé

Áêïëïõèåß ìéá ìéêñÞ åðåîÞãçóç ôùí directive ñõèìßóåùí.

Upload áñ÷åßùí

Áêïëïõèåß ìéá ìéêñÞ åðåîÞãçóç ôùí directive ñõèìßóåùí.

ÃåíéêÜ SQL

Áêïëïõèåß ìéá ìéêñÞ åðåîÞãçóç ôùí directive ñõèìßóåùí.

Ñõèìßóåéò ôùí Directives ãéá ôïí Debugger

Óýíôáîç

Ãéá íá êáèïñßóåôå Ýíá boolean ëåêôéêü (literal), ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå åßôå ôç ëÝîç êëåéäß TRUE Þ ôçí FALSE. Êáé ïé äõï åßíáé case-insensitive.

<?php
$foo = True; // assign the value TRUE to $foo
?>

ÓõíÞèùò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéï åßäïò ôåëåóôÞ ï ïðïßïò åðéóôñÝöåé ìéá boolean ôéìÞ, êáé ìåôÜ ôçí ðåñíÜåé ðÜíù óå ìéá äïìÞ åëÝã÷ïõ.

<?php
// == is an operator which test
// equality and returns a boolean
if ($action == "show_version") {
    echo "The version is 1.23";
}

// this is not necessary...
if ($show_separators == TRUE) {
    echo "<hr>\n";
}

// ...because you can simply type
if ($show_separators) {
    echo "<hr>\n";
}
?>

ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå boolean

Ãéá íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ìéá ôéìÞ óå ôýðï boolean, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå åßôå ôçí (bool) Þ ôçí (boolean) ãéá cast (ìåôáôñïðÞ). ÐÜíôùò, óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí cast, áöïý ìéá ôéìÞ èá ìåôáôñáðåß áõôüìáôá áí ï ôåëåóôÞò, ç óõíÜñôçóç Þ ìéá äïìÞ åëÝã÷ïõ áðáéôåß ìéá ðáñÜìåôñï ôýðïõ boolean.

Äåßôå åðßóçò ôï Type Juggling.

¼ôáí ìåôáôñÝðïíôáé óå boolean, ïé áêüëïõèåò ôéìÝò åßíáé FALSE

• Ç ßäéá ç boolean ãßíåôáé FALSE

• o integer 0 (ìçäÝí)

• ï float 0.0 (ìçäÝí)

• ôï êåíü string, êáé ôï string "0"

• Ýíáò array ìå êáíÝíá óôïé÷åßï

• Ýíá object ìå êáíÝíá ìÝëïò

• ï åéäéêüò ôýðïò NULL (óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíïõ ôùí unset variables)

<?php
echo gettype((bool) "");        // bool(false)
echo gettype((bool) 1);         // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) -2);        // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) "foo");     // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) 2.3e5);     // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) array(12)); // bool(true)
echo gettype((bool) array());   // bool(false)
?>

Óýíôáîç

Ïé áêÝñáéïé ìðïñïýí íá êáèïñéóôïýí óôï äåêáäéêü (ìå âÜóç ôï 10), äåêáåîáäéêü (ìå âÜóç ôï 16) Þ ïêôáäéêü (ìå âÜóç ôï 8) óýóôçìá, êáé ðñïáéñåôéêÜ ìðïñåß íá ðñïóôåèåß ôï ðñüóçìï (- Þ +).

Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï ïêôáäéêü óýóôçìá, ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜöåôå ðñéí ôï áñéèìü ôï 0 (ìçäÝí), êáé áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï äåêáåîáäéêü ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜöåôå ðñéí ôïí áñéèìü ôï 0x.

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 6-1. Integer literals (ËåêôéêÜ áêåñáßùí) <?php $a = 1234; # decimal number $a = -123; # a negative number $a = 0123; # octal number (equivalent to 83 decimal) $a = 0x1A; # hexadecimal number (equivalent to 26 decimal) ?>

ÅðéóÞìùò, ç ðéèáíÞ äïìÞ ãéá ôá ëåêôéêÜ áêåñáßùí åßíáé:

<?php
decimal     : [1-9][0-9]*
            | 0

hexadecimal : 0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+

octal       : 0[0-7]+

integer     : [+-]?decimal
            | [+-]?hexadecimal
            | [+-]?octal
?>

Õðåñ÷åßëéóç áêåñáßùí (Integer overflow)

Áí ðñïóäéïñßóåôå Ýíáí áñéèìüò åêôüò ôùí ïñßùí ôïõ ôýðïõ integer, èá äéåñìçíåõôåß ùò float (êéíçôÞò õðïäéáóôïëÞò). Åðßóçò, áí êÜíåôå ìéá ðñÜîç ôï áðïôÝëåóìá ôçò ïðïßáò äßíåé áñéèìü ðÝñá áðü ôá üñéá ôïõ ôýðïõ integer, èá åðéóôñáöåß áñéèìüò ôýðïõ float (êéíçôÞò õðïäéáóôïëÞò).

<?php
$large_number =  2147483647;
var_dump($large_number);
// output: int(2147483647)

$large_number =  2147483648;
var_dump($large_number);
// output: float(2147483648)

// this goes also for hexadecimal specified integers:
var_dump( 0x80000000 );
// output: float(2147483648)

$million = 1000000;
$large_number =  50000 * $million;
var_dump($large_number);
// output: float(50000000000)
?>

Äåí õðÜñ÷åé ôåëåóôÞò äéáßñåóçò óôçí PHP. Ôï 1/2 ìåôáôñÝðåôáé óôïí áñéèìü float 0.5. Ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôçí ôéìÞ óå áêÝñáéï íá ôï óôñïããõëïðïéÞóåôå ðñïò ôá êÜôù, Þ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç óõíÜñôçóç round() .

<?php
var_dump(25/7);         // float(3.5714285714286) 
var_dump((int) (25/7)); // int(3)
var_dump(round(25/7));  // float(4) 
?>

ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå áêÝñáéï

Ãéá íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ñçôÜ ìéá ôéìÞ óå integer, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå åßôå ôï (int) åßôå ôï (integer) ãéá ôç ìåôáôñïðÞ (cast). ÐÜíôùò, óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí cast, áöïý ç ôéìÞ èá ìåôáôñáðåß áõôüìáôá áí Ýíáò ôåëåóôÞò, ìéá óõíÜñôçóç Þ ìéá äïìÞ åëÝã÷ïõ áðáéôåß ìéá ðáñÜìåôñï ôýðïõ integer . Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ìéá ôéìÞ óå áêÝñáéï ìÝóá óôç óõíÜñôçóç intval().

Äåßôå åðßóçò type-juggling.

<?php
echo (int) ( (0.1+0.7) * 10 ); // echoes 7!
?>

ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå áñéèìü êéíçôÞò õðïäéáóôïëÞò

Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ðüôå êáé ðþò ôá strings ìåôáôñÝðïíôáé óå áñéèìïýò êéíçôÞò õðïäéáóôïëÞò, äåßôå ôï ôìÞìá ìå ôïí ôßôëï ÌåôáôñïðÞ ôùí strings óå áñéèìïýò. Ãéá ôéìÝò Üëëùí ôýðùí, ç ìåôáôñïðÞ åßíáé ç ßäéá ìå áõôÞ ðïõ èá åß÷å ç ôéìÞ áí ìåôáôñåðüôáí ðñþôá óå áêÝñáéï êáé ìåôÜ óå áñéèìü êéíçôÞò õðïäéáóôïëÞò. Äåßôå ôï ôìÞìá ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå áêÝñáéï ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.

Óýíôáîç

¸íá ëåêôéêü string ìðïñåß íá ðñïóäéïñéóôåß ìå ôñåéò äéáöïñåôéêïýò ôñüðïõò.

• ìå áðëü åéóáãùãéêü

• ìå äéðëü åéóáãùãéêü (quote)

• Óýíôáîç heredoc

<?php
echo 'this is a simple string';

echo 'You can also have embedded newlines in 
strings this way as it is
okay to do';

// Outputs: Arnold once said: "I'll be back"
echo 'Arnold once said: "I\'ll be back"';

// Outputs: You deleted C:\*.*?
echo 'You deleted C:\\*.*?';

// Outputs: You deleted C:\*.*?
echo 'You deleted C:\*.*?';

// Outputs: This will not expand: \n a newline
echo 'This will not expand: \n a newline';

// Outputs: Variables do not $expand $either
echo 'Variables do not $expand $either';
?>

<?php
$beer = 'Heineken';
echo "$beer's taste is great"; // works, "'" is an invalid character for varnames
echo "He drank some $beers";   // won't work, 's' is a valid character for varnames
echo "He drank some ${beer}s"; // works
echo "He drank some {$beer}s"; // works
?>

<?php
// These examples are specific to using arrays inside of strings.
// When outside of a string, always quote your array string keys 
// and do not use {braces} when outside of strings either.

// Let's show all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$fruits = array('strawberry' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow');

// Works but note that this works differently outside string-quotes
echo "A banana is $fruits[banana].";

// Works
echo "A banana is {$fruits['banana']}.";

// Works but PHP looks for a constant named banana first
// as described below.
echo "A banana is {$fruits[banana]}.";

// Won't work, use braces.  This results in a parse error.
echo "A banana is $fruits['banana'].";

// Works
echo "A banana is " . $fruits['banana'] . ".";

// Works
echo "This square is $square->width meters broad.";

// Won't work. For a solution, see the complex syntax.
echo "This square is $square->width00 centimeters broad.";
?>

<?php
// Let's show all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$great = 'fantastic';

// Won't work, outputs: This is { fantastic}
echo "This is { $great}";

// Works, outputs: This is fantastic
echo "This is {$great}";
echo "This is ${great}";

// Works
echo "This square is {$square->width}00 centimeters broad."; 

// Works
echo "This works: {$arr[4][3]}";

// This is wrong for the same reason as $foo[bar] is wrong 
// outside a string.  In otherwords, it will still work but
// because PHP first looks for a constant named foo, it will
// throw an error of level E_NOTICE (undefined constant).
echo "This is wrong: {$arr[foo][3]}"; 

// Works.  When using multi-dimensional arrays, always use
// braces around arrays when inside of strings
echo "This works: {$arr['foo'][3]}";

// Works.
echo "This works: " . $arr['foo'][3];

echo "You can even write {$obj->values[3]->name}";

echo "This is the value of the var named $name: {${$name}}";
?>

×ñÞóéìåò óõíáñôÞóåéò êáé ôåëåóôÝò

Ôá strings ìðïñïýí íá óõííåíùèïýí ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôïí ôåëåóôÞ '.' (ôåëåßá). Óçìåéþóôå üôé ï '+' (óõí) ôåëåóôÞò äå èá äïõëÝøåé ó'áõôÞ ôçí ðåñßðôùóç. Ðáñáêáëþ äåßôå ôï ÔåëåóôÝò ãéá Strings ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò.

ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëÝò ÷ñÞóéìåò óõíáñôÞóåéò ãéá áëëáãÝò óôá strings.

Äåßôå ôï ôìÞìá ãéá óõíáñôÞóåéò ôùí strings ãéá ãåíéêÝò óõíáñôÞóåéò, ôéò óõíáñôÞóåéò êáíïíéêþí åêöñÜóåùí ãéá ðñï÷ùñçìÝíç áíáæÞôçóç&áíôéêáôÜóôáóç (óå äõï åêäüóåéò: Perl êáé POSIX extended).

ÕðÜñ÷ïõí åðßóçò óõíáñôÞóåéò ãéá URL-strings, êáé óõíáñôÞóåéò ãéá êñõðôïãñÜöçóç/áðïêñõðôïãñÜöçóç strings (mcrypt êáé mhash).

ÔÝëïò, áí áêüìç äåí âñÞêáôå áõôü ðïõ øÜ÷íáôå, äåßôå åðßóçò ôéò óõíáñôÞóåéò ãéá ôýðïõò ÷áñáêôÞñùí.

ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå string

Ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ìéá ôéìÞ óå string ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí (string) cast (ìåáôñïðÞ), Þ ôç óõíÜñôçóç strval(). Ç ìåôñáôïðÞ óå String ãßíåôáé áõôüìáôá ãéá óáò óôçí åìâÝëåéá ôçò Ýêöñáóçò üôáí áðáéôåßôáé Ýíá string. Áõôü óõìâáßíåé üôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôéò echo() Þ print() óõíáñôÞóåéò, Þ üôáí óõãêñßíåôå ìéá ìåôáâëçôÞ ôéìÞ ìå Ýíá string. ÄéáâÜóôå óôï manual ôá ôìÞìáôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå Ôýðïõò êáé Type Juggling ãéá íá êáôáëÜâåôå êáëýôåñá. Äåßôå åðßóçò settype().

Ìéá boolean TRUE ôéìÞ ìåôáôñÝðåôáé óôï string "1", åíþ ç FALSE ôéìÞ áíáðáñßóôáôáé áðü ôï "" (êåíü string). Ì'áõôüí ôïí ôñüðï ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôéò ôéìÝò áðü boolean óå string êáé áíôéóôñüöùò.

¸íáò integer Þ Ýíáò áñéèìüò êéíçôÞò õðïäéáóôïëÞò (float) üôáí ìåôáôñÝðåôáé string áíáðáñßóôáôáé áðü ôïí áñéèìü ìå ôá øçößá ôïõ (óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé ôï ìÝñïò ôïõ åêèÝôç ãéá ôïõò áñéèìïýò êéíçôÞò õðïäéáóôïëÞò).

Ïé Arrays ìåôáôñÝðïíôáé ðÜíôá óôï string "Array", Ýôóé äåí ìðïñåßôå íá åìöáíßóåôå ôï ðåñéå÷üìåíï åíüò array ìå ôçí echo() Þ ôçí print() ãéá íá äåßôå ôé õðÜñ÷åé ìÝóá ó'áõôïýò. Ãéá íá äåßôå Ýíá óôïé÷åßï, èá êÜíåôå êÜôé üðùò echo $arr['foo']. Äåßôå ðáñáêÜôù ãéá tips ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí åìöÜíéóç ïëüêëçñïõ ôïõ ðåñéå÷ïìÝíïõ.

Ôá Objects ìåôáôñÝðïíôáé ðÜíôá óôï string "Object". Áí èÝëåôå íá åêôõðþóåôå ôç ôéìÞ åíüò ìÝëïõò ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò åíüò object ãéá ëüãïõò debugging, äéáâÜóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ðáñáãñÜöïõò. Áí èÝëåôå íá âñåßôå ôï üíïìá ôçò êëÜóçò ôçò ïðïßáò Ýíá object åßíáé óôéãìéüôõðï (instance), ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå ôçí get_class().

Ôá Resources ðÜíôá ìåôáôñÝðïíôáé óå strings ìå ôç äïìÞ "Resource id #1" üðïõ ôï 1 åßíáé ï ìïíáäéêüò áñéèìüò ôïõ resource ðïõ áíáôßèåôáé áðü ôçí PHP êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò åêôÝëåóçò. Áí èÝëåôå íá ðÜñåôå ôïí ôýðï ôïõ resource, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå ôçí get_resource_type().

Ôï NULL ìåôáôñÝðåôáé ðÜíôá óå êåíü string.

¼ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ðáñáðÜíù, ç åêôýðùóç ôùí arrays, ôùí objects Þ ôùí resources äåí óáò ðáñÝ÷åé ÷ñÞóéìåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ôéò ßäéåò ôéò ôéìÝò. Äåßôå ôéò óõíáñôÞóåéò print_r() êáé var_dump() ãéá êáëýôåñïõò ôñüðïõò åìöÜíéóçò ôùí ôéìþí ãéá ôï debugging.

Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôéò ôéìÝò ôçò PHP óå strings êáé íá ôéò áðïèçêåýóåôå ìüíéìá. ÁõôÞ ç ìÝèïäïò ïíïìÜæåôáé serialization, êáé ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé ìå ôç óõíÜñôçóç serialize(). Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá êÜíåôå serialize ôéò PHP values óå XML äïìÝò, áí Ý÷åôå ðñïóèÝóåé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá WDDX êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ setup ôçò PHP.

ÌåôáôñïðÞ ôùí Strings óå áñéèìïýò

¼ôáí Ýíá string õðïëïãßæåôáé óáí áñéèìçôéêÞ ôéìÞ, ç ôéìÞ ðïõ ðñïêýðôåé êáé ï ôýðïò ôçò ïñßæïíôáé ùò áêïëïýèùò.

Ôï string èá õðïëïãéóôåß ùò float áí ðåñéÝ÷åé ïðïéïäÞðïôå áðü ôïõò ÷áñáêôÞñåò '.', 'e', or 'E'. ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, èá õðïëïãéóôåß ùò áêÝñáéïò.

Ç ôéìÞ äßíåôáé áðü ôï áñ÷éêü ìÝñïò ôïõ string. Áí ôï string áñ÷ßæåé ìå Ýíá Ýãêõñï áñéèìçôéêü äåäïìÝíï, áõôÞ èá åßíáé êáé ç ôéìÞ ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß. ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, ç ôéìÞ èá åßíáé 0 (ìçäÝí). Ôá Ýãêõñá áñéèìçôéêÜ äåäïìÝíá åßíáé Ýíá ðñïáéñåôéêü óýìâïëï, áêïëïõèïýìåíï áðü Ýíá Þ ðåñéóóüôåñá øçößá (ðñïáéñåôéêÜ ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí Ýíá äåêáäéêü óçìåßï), áêïëïõèïýìåíï áðü Ýíá ðñïáéñåôéêü åêèåôéêü. Ôï åêèåôéêü åßíáé ôï 'e' Þ ôï 'E' áêïëïõèïýìåíï áðü Ýíá Þ ðåñéóóüôåñá øçößá.

<?php
$foo = 1 + "10.5";                // $foo is float (11.5)
$foo = 1 + "-1.3e3";              // $foo is float (-1299)
$foo = 1 + "bob-1.3e3";           // $foo is integer (1)
$foo = 1 + "bob3";                // $foo is integer (1)
$foo = 1 + "10 Small Pigs";       // $foo is integer (11)
$foo = 4 + "10.2 Little Piggies"; // $foo is float (14.2)
$foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1;          // $foo is float (11)
$foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1.0;        // $foo is float (11)     
?>

Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå áõôÞ ôç ìåôáôñïðÞ, äåßôå ôï manual ôïõ Unix óôç óåëßäá ãéá strtod(3).

Áí èÝëåôå íá åëÝíîåôå êÜðïéï áðü ôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá ó'áõôü ôï ôìÞìá, ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå cut êáé paste óôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá êáé íá åéóÜãåôå ôçí áêüëïõèç ãñáììÞ ãéá íá äåßôå ìüíïé óáò ôé óõìâáßíåé:

<?php
echo "\$foo==$foo; type is " . gettype ($foo) . "<br />\n";
?>

Ìçí ðåñéìÝíåôå íá ðÜñåôå ôïí êþäéêá áðü Ýíáí ÷áñáêôÞñá áðëÜ ìåôáôñÝðïíôáò ôïí óå áêÝñáéï (üðùò èá êÜíáôå óôç C ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá). ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò óõíáñôÞóåéò ord() êáé chr() ãéá ìåôáôñïðÝò áíÜìåóá óå charcodes êáé characters.

Óýíôáîç

<?php
$arr = array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);

echo $arr["foo"]; // bar
echo $arr[12];    // 1
?>

<?php
$arr = array("somearray" => array(6 => 5, 13 => 9, "a" => 42));

echo $arr["somearray"][6];    // 5
echo $arr["somearray"][13];   // 9
echo $arr["somearray"]["a"];  // 42
?>

<?php
// This array is the same as ...
array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12);

// ...this array
array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
?>

<?php
$arr = array(5 => 1, 12 => 2);

$arr[] = 56;    // This is the same as $arr[13] = 56;
                // at this point of the script

$arr["x"] = 42; // This adds a new element to
                // the array with key "x"
                
unset($arr[5]); // This removes the element from the array

unset($arr);    // This deletes the whole array
?>

×ñÞóéìåò óõíáñôÞóåéò

ÕðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôÝò ÷ñÞóéìåò óõíáñôÞóåéò ãéá íá äïõëÝøåôå ìå arrays, äåßôå ôï ôìÞìá ÓõíáñôÞóåéò ãéá arrays .

Ç äïìÞ åëÝã÷ïõ foreach õðÜñ÷åé åéäéêÜ ãéá ôïõò arrays. ÐáñÝ÷åé Ýíáí åýêïëï ôñüðï ãéá íá ðñïóðåëáýíåôå Ýíáí array.

Ôé êÜíïõí êáé ôé äåí êÜíïõí ïé Arrays

<?php
$foo[bar] = 'enemy';
echo $foo[bar];
// etc
?>

<?php
// Let's show all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot');

// Correct
print $arr['fruit'];  // apple
print $arr['veggie']; // carrot

// Incorrect.  This works but also throws a PHP error of
// level E_NOTICE because of an undefined constant named fruit
// 
// Notice: Use of undefined constant fruit - assumed 'fruit' in...
print $arr[fruit];    // apple

// Let's define a constant to demonstrate what's going on.  We
// will assign value 'veggie' to a constant named fruit.
define('fruit', 'veggie');

// Notice the difference now
print $arr['fruit'];  // apple
print $arr[fruit];    // carrot

// The following is okay as it's inside a string.  Constants are not
// looked for within strings so no E_NOTICE error here
print "Hello $arr[fruit]";      // Hello apple

// With one exception, braces surrounding arrays within strings
// allows constants to be looked for
print "Hello {$arr[fruit]}";    // Hello carrot
print "Hello {$arr['fruit']}";  // Hello apple

// This will not work, results in a parse error such as:
// Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING'
// This of course applies to using autoglobals in strings as well
print "Hello $arr['fruit']";
print "Hello $_GET['foo']";

// Concatenation is another option
print "Hello " . $arr['fruit']; // Hello apple
?>

<?php
echo $arr[somefunc($bar)];
?>

<?php
$error_descriptions[E_ERROR]   = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[E_WARNING] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[E_NOTICE]  = "This is just an informal notice";
?>

<?php
$error_descriptions[1] = "A fatal error has occured";
$error_descriptions[2] = "PHP issued a warning";
$error_descriptions[8] = "This is just an informal notice";
?>

ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå array

Ãéá ïðïéïäÞðïôå áðü ôïõò ôýðïõò: integer, float, string, boolean êáé resource, áí ìåôáôñÝøåôå ìéá ôéìÞ óå array, ðáßñíåôå Ýíáí array ìå Ýíá óôïé÷åßï (ìå index 0), ôï ïðïßï åßíáé ç âáèìùôÞ ôéìÞ ìå ôçí ïðïßá áñ÷ßóáôå.

Áí ìåôáôñÝøåôå Ýíá object óå Ýíáí array, ðáßñíåôå ôéò éäéüôçôåò (ìåôáâëçôÝò ìåëþí) áõôïý ôïõ áíôéêåéìÝíïõ ùò óôïé÷åßá ôïõ array. Ôá êëåéäéÜ åßíáé ôá ïíüìáôá ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí ìåëþí.

Áí ìåôáôñÝøåôå ìéá NULL ôéìÞ óå array, ðáßñíåôå Ýíáí êåíü array.

Ðáñáäåßãìáôá

Ï ôýðïò array óôçí PHP åßíáé ðïëý åõðñïóÜñìïóôïò, Ýôóé åäþ èá äåßôå ìåñéêÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá ðïõ èá óáò äåßîïõí ôéò ðïëëÝò äõíáôüôçôåò ôùí arrays.

<?php
// this
$a = array( 'color' => 'red',
            'taste' => 'sweet',
            'shape' => 'round',
            'name'  => 'apple',
                       4        // key will be 0
          );

// is completely equivalent with
$a['color'] = 'red';
$a['taste'] = 'sweet';
$a['shape'] = 'round';
$a['name']  = 'apple';
$a[]        = 4;        // key will be 0

$b[] = 'a';
$b[] = 'b';
$b[] = 'c';
// will result in the array array(0 => 'a' , 1 => 'b' , 2 => 'c'),
// or simply array('a', 'b', 'c')
?>

<?php
// Array as (property-)map
$map = array( 'version'    => 4,
              'OS'         => 'Linux',
              'lang'       => 'english',
              'short_tags' => true
            );
            
// strictly numerical keys
$array = array( 7,
                8,
                0,
                156,
                -10
              );
// this is the same as array(0 => 7, 1 => 8, ...)

$switching = array(         10, // key = 0
                    5    =>  6,
                    3    =>  7, 
                    'a'  =>  4,
                            11, // key = 6 (maximum of integer-indices was 5)
                    '8'  =>  2, // key = 8 (integer!)
                    '02' => 77, // key = '02'
                    0    => 12  // the value 10 will be overwritten by 12
                  );
                  
// empty array
$empty = array();         
?>

<?php
$colors = array('red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow');

foreach ($colors as $color) {
    echo "Do you like $color?\n";
}

/* output:
Do you like red?
Do you like blue?
Do you like green?
Do you like yellow?
*/
?>

Óçìåéþóôå üôé ðñïò ôï ðáñüí äåí åßíáé äõíáôü íá áëëÜîïõìå ôéò ôéìÝò ôïõ array Üìåóá óå Ýíá ôÝôïéï loop. Äåßôå ôï áêüëïõèï:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 6-6. Collection <?php foreach ($colors as $key => $color) { // won't work: //$color = strtoupper($color); // works: $colors[$key] = strtoupper($color); } print_r($colors); /* output: Array ( [0] => RED [1] => BLUE [2] => GREEN [3] => YELLOW ) */ ?>

Áõôü ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá äçìéïõñãåß Ýíáí one-based array.

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 6-7. One-based index <?php $firstquarter = array(1 => 'January', 'February', 'March'); print_r($firstquarter); /* output: Array ( [1] => 'January' [2] => 'February' [3] => 'March' ) */

// fill an array with all items from a directory
$handle = opendir('.');
while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
    $files[] = $file;
}
closedir($handle); 
?>

Ïé arrays åßíáé äéáôåôáãìÝíïé. Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá áëëÜîåôå ôç óåéñÜ ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò äéÜöïñåò óõíáñôÞóåéò ôáîéíüìçóçò. Äåßôå ôï ôìÞìá óõíáñôÞóåéò ãéá arrays ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò. Ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôñÞóåôå ôïí áñéèìü ôùí óôïé÷åßùí óå Ýíá array ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôç óõíÜñôçóç count() .

<?php
sort($files);
print_r($files);
?>

ÅðåéäÞ ç ôéìÞ åíüò array ìðïñåß íá åßíáé ïôéäÞðïôå, ìðïñåß åðßóçò íá åßíáé Ýíáò Üëëïò array. Ì'áõôüí ôïí ôñüðï ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå áíáäñïìéêïýò êáé ðïëõäéÜóôáôïõò arrays.

<?php
$fruits = array ( "fruits"  => array ( "a" => "orange",
                                       "b" => "banana",
                                       "c" => "apple"
                                     ),
                  "numbers" => array ( 1,
                                       2,
                                       3,
                                       4,
                                       5,
                                       6,
                                     ),
                  "holes"   => array (      "first",
                                       5 => "second",
                                            "third"
                                     )
                );

// Some examples to address values in the array above 
echo $fruits["holes"][5];    // prints "second"
echo $fruits["fruits"]["a"]; // prints "orange"
unset($fruits["holes"][0]);  // remove "first"

// Create a new multi-dimensional array
$juices["apple"]["green"] = "good"; 
?>

ÐñÝðåé íá ðñïóÝ÷åôå åðåéäÞ ïé áíáèÝóåéò ôùí array ðÜíôá åìðëÝêïõí áíôéãñáöÞ ôéìþí. Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí ôåëåóôÞ áíáöïñÜò ãéá íá áíôéãñÜøåôå Ýíáí array ìå áíáöïñÜ.

<?php
$arr1 = array(2, 3);
$arr2 = $arr1;
$arr2[] = 4; // $arr2 is changed,
             // $arr1 is still array(2, 3)
             
$arr3 = &$arr1;
$arr3[] = 4; // now $arr1 and $arr3 are the same
?>

Áñ÷éêïðïßçóç áíôéêåéìÝíïõ

Ãéá íá áñ÷éêïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá áíôéêåßìåíï, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôç äÞëùóç new ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá óôéãìéüôõðï ôïõ áíôéêåéìÝíïõ óå ìéá ìåôáâëçôÞ.

<?php
class foo
{
    function do_foo()
    {
        echo "Doing foo."; 
    }
}

$bar = new foo;
$bar->do_foo();
?>

Ãéá ìéá ðëÞñç áíÜëõóç, ðáñáêáëþ äéáâÜóôå ôï ôìÞìá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå Classes êáé Objects.

ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå object

Áí Ýíá object ìåôáôñÝðåôáé óå Üëëï object, áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé äåí áëëÜæåé. Áí ìéá ôéìÞ ïðïéïäÞðïôå Üëëïõ ôýðïõ ìåôáôñÝðåôáé óå object, ôüôå Ýíá êáéíïýñéï óôéãìéüôõðï ôïõ stdClass built óôçí class äçìéïõñãåßôáé. Áí ç ôéìÞ Þôáí null, ôï íÝï óôéãìéüôõðï èá åßíáé êåíü. Ãéá ïðïéáäÞðïôå Üëëç ôéìÞ, ìéá ìåôáâëçôÞ ìÝëïõò ïíïìáæüìåíç scalar èá ðåñéÝ÷åé ôçí ôéìÞ.

<?php
$obj = (object) 'ciao';
echo $obj->scalar;  // outputs 'ciao'
?>

ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå resource

ÅðåéäÞ ïé resource ôýðïé Ý÷ïõí åéäéêïýò handlers ãéá áíïéãìÝíá áñ÷åßá, database connections, image canvas areas êáé ðáñüìïéá, äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ïðïéáäÞðïôå ôéìÞ óå resource.

Åëåõèåñþíïíôáò resources

Åîáéôßáò ôïõ reference-counting óõóôÞìáôïò ðïõ åéóÞ÷èç ìå ôçí Zend-engine ôçò PHP4, ãßíåôáé áõôüìáôç áíß÷íåõóç ðüôå óôáìáôÜåé íá ãßíåôáé áíáöïñÜ óå Ýíá resource (üðùò êáé óôç Java). Ó'áõôÞ ôçí ðåñßðôùóç, üëåò ïé resources ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáí ãé'áõôÞ ôç resource åëåõèåñþíïíôáé áðü ôïí garbage collector. Ãé'áõôü ôï ëüãï, åßíáé óðÜíéá áíáãêáßï íá åëåõèåñþóåôå ôç ìíÞìç manually ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò êÜðïéá óõíÜñôçóç üðùò ôç free_result.

Óýíôáîç

ÕðÜñ÷åé ìüíï ìéá ôéìÞ ôýðïõ NULL, êáé áõôÞ åßíáé ôï case-insensitive keyword NULL.

<?php
$var = NULL;       

?>

Äåßôå åðßóçò is_null() êáé unset().

mixed

mixed äåß÷íåé üôé ìéá ðáñÜìåôñïò ìðïñåß íá äå÷èåß ðïëëáðëïýò (áëëÜ ü÷é áðáñáßôçôá üëïõò) ôýðïõò.

Ç gettype() ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá èá äå÷èåß üëïõò ôïõò ôýðïõò ôçò PHP, åíþ ç str_replace() èá äå÷èåß ìüíï strings êáé arrays.

number

H number äåß÷íåé üôé ìéá ðáñÜìåôñïò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé åßôå integer åßôå float.

callback

ÌåéñêÝò óõíáñôÞóåéò üðùò ç call_user_function() Þ ç usort() äÝ÷ïíôáé callback óõíáñôÞóåéò ïñéæüìåíåò áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç ùò ðáñÜìåôñïé. Ïé callback óõíáñôÞóåéò äåí ìðïñïýí íá åßíáé áðëÝò óõíáñôÞóåéò áëëÜ åðßóçò object methods ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí static class methods.

Ìéá óõíÜñôçóç óå PHP êáëåßôáé áðëÜ ìå ôï üíïìá ôçò ùò string. Ìðïñåßôå íá ðåñÜóåôå ïðïéáäÞðïôå builtin Þ ïñéæüìåíç áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç óõíÜñôçóç ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò exception áðü array(), echo(), empty(), eval(), exit(), isset(), list(), print() êáé unset().

Ìéá ìÝèïäïò åíüò áíôéêåéìÝíïõ ðïõ Ý÷åé êÜðïéï óôéãìéüôõðï ðåñíéÝôáé ùò array ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé Ýíá object ùò óôïé÷åßï ìå index 0 êáé Ýíá üíïìá ìåèüäïõ ùò óôïé÷åßï ìå index 1.

Ïé Static class methods ìðïñïýí åðßóçò íá ðåñáóôïýí ÷ùñßò íá äçìéïõñãÞóïõìå óôéãìéüôõðï åíüò object áõôÞò ôçò class ðåñíþíôáò ôï üíïìá ôçò êëÜóçò áíôß ãéá Ýíá object üðùò ôï element ìå index 0.

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 6-11. Ðáñáäåßãìáôá ãéá Callback óõíáñôÞóåéò <?php // simple callback example function my_callback_function() { echo 'hello world!'; } call_user_func('my_callback_function'); // method callback examples class MyClass { function myCallbackMethod() { echo 'Hello World!'; } } // static class method call without instantiating an object call_user_func(array('MyClass', 'myCallbackMethod')); // object method call $obj = new MyClass(); call_user_func(array(&$obj, 'myCallbackMethod')); ?>

Type Casting

Ç ìåôáôñïðÞ ôýðùí (Þ Type casting) óôçí PHP äïõëåýåé ó÷åäüí üðùå êáé óôç C: ôï üíïìá ôïõ åðéèõìçôïý ôýðïõ ãñÜöåôå óå ðáñåíèÝóåéò ðñéí áðü ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ óôçí ïðïßá èá ãßíåé ôï cast.

<?php
$foo = 10;   // $foo is an integer
$bar = (boolean) $foo;   // $bar is a boolean
?>

Ôá åðéôñåðüìåíá casts åßíáé ôá:

• (int), (integer) - cast óå integer

• (bool), (boolean) - cast óå boolean

• (float), (double), (real) - cast óå float

• (string) - cast óå string

• (array) - cast óå array

• (object) - cast óå object

Óçìåéþóôå üôé ôá tabs êáé ôá spaces åðéôñÝðïíôáé ìÝóá óôéò ðáñåíèÝóåéò, óõíåðþò ôá áêüëïõèá åßíáé åîßóïõ ëåéôïõñãéêÜ:

<?php
$foo = (int) $bar;
$foo = ( int ) $bar;
?>

ºóùò äåí åßíáé áêñéâþò ðñïöáíÝò ôé èá óõìâåß üôáí ãßíåôáé casting ìåôáîý óõãêåêñéìÝíùí ôýðùí. Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò, äåßôå áõôÜ ôá ôìÞìáôá:

• ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå boolean

• ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå integer

• ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå float

• ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå string

• ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå array

• ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå object

• ÌåôáôñÝðïíôáò óå resource

• Ðßíáêåò óýãêñéóçò ôýðùí

The global keyword

Ðñþôá, Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá áðü ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò global:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-1. ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò global <?php $a = 1; $b = 2; function Sum() { global $a, $b; $b = $a + $b; } Sum(); echo $b; ?>

Ôï ðáñáðÜíù script èá äþóåé "3". Äçëþíïíôáò ôçí $a êáé ôçí $b ùò global ìÝóá óå ìéá óõíÜñôçóç, üëåò ïé áíáöïñÝò óå ïðïéáäÞðïôå áðü ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò èá áíáöÝñïíôáé óôçí global Ýêäïóç. Äåí õðÜñ÷åé ðåñéïñéóìüò óôïí áñéèìü ôùí global ìåôáâëçôþí ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ÷åéñéóôåß ìéá óõíÜñôçóç.

¸íáò äåýôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ðñïóðåëÜóïõìå ìåôáâëçôÝò áðü global åìâÝëåéá åßíáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå ôïí åéäéêÜ ïñéóìÝíï áðü ôçí PHP $GLOBALS array. Ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìðïñåß íá îáíáãñáöôåß ùò:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-2. ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí $GLOBALS áíôß ãéá ôçí global <?php $a = 1; $b = 2; function Sum() { $GLOBALS["b"] = $GLOBALS["a"] + $GLOBALS["b"]; } Sum(); echo $b; ?>

Ï ðßíáêáò $GLOBALS åßíáé Ýíáò associative array ìå ôï üíïìá ôçò global ìåôáâëçôÞò íá åßíáé ôï êëåéäß êáé ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá áõôÞò ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò íá åßíáé ç ôéìÞ ôïõ óôïé÷åßïõ ôïõ array. Óçìåéþóôå ðþò ç $GLOBALS õðÜñ÷åé óå êÜèå åìâÝëåéá, êÜôé ôï ïðïßï óõìâáßíåé åðåéäÞ ç $GLOBALS åßíáé ìéá superglobal. Äåßôå Ýíá ðáñÜäåéãìá ðïõ äåß÷íåé ôç äýíáìç ôùí superglobals:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-3. ÐáñÜäåéãìá ðïõ äåß÷íåé ôéò superglobals êáé ôçí åìâÝëåéá <?php function test_global() { // Most predefined variables aren't "super" and require // 'global' to be available to the functions local scope. global $HTTP_POST_VARS; print $HTTP_POST_VARS['name']; // Superglobals are available in any scope and do // not require 'global'. Superglobals are available // as of PHP 4.1.0 print $_POST['name']; } ?>

×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò óôáôéêÝò ìåôáâëçôÝò

¸íá åðéðëÝïí óçìáíôéêü ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ôçò åìâÝëåéáò ìåôáâëçôþí åßíáé ç static ìåôáâëçôÞ. Ìéá óôáôéêÞ ìåôáâëçôÞ õðÜñ÷åé ìüíï óå åìâÝëåéá ôïðéêÞò óõíÜñôçóçò, áëëÜ äåí ÷Üíåé ôçí ôéìÞ ôçò üôáí ç åêôÝëåóç ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò áöÞíåé áõôÞ ôçí åìâÝëåéá. Èåùñåßóôå ôï áêüëïõèï ðáñÜäåéãìá:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-4. ÐáñÜäåéãìá ðïõ äåß÷íåé ôçí áíÜãêç ãéá óôáôéêÝò ìåôáâëçôÝò <?php function Test () { $a = 0; echo $a; $a++; } ?>

ÁõôÞ ç óõíÜñôçóç åßíáé ó÷åäüí Ü÷ñçóôç áöïý êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ êáëåßôáé èÝôåé ôçí $a óå 0 êáé ôõðþíåé "0". Ç $a++ ç ïðïßá áõîÜíåé ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ äåí åîõðçñåôåß êÜðïéï óêïðü áöïý ìüëéò ç óõíÜñôçóç ôåëåéþóåé ç ìåôáâëçôÞ $a åîáöáíßæåôáé. Ãéá íá öôéÜîïõìå ìéá ÷ñÞóéìç óõíÜñôçóç ìÝôñçóçò ç ïðïßá äåí èá ÷Üíåé ôïí ôñÝ÷ïíôá õðïëïãéóìü, ç ìåôáâëçôÞ $a äçëþíåôáé ùò óôáôéêÞ:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-5. ÐáñÜäåéãìá óôáôéêþí ìåôáâëçôþí <?php function Test() { static $a = 0; echo $a; $a++; } ?>

Ôþñá, êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ èá êáëåßôáé ç óõíÜñôçóç Test() èá ôõðþíåé ôçí ôéìÞ ôçò $a êáé èá ôçí áõîÜíåé.

Ïé óôáôéêÝò ìåôáâëçôÝò åðßóçò ðáñÝ÷ïõí Ýíáí ôñüðï ãéá íá ÷åéñéóôïýìå áíáäñïìéêÝò óõíáñôÞóåéò. Ìéá áíáäñïìéêÞ óõíÜñôçóç åßíáé áõôÞ ðïõ êáëåß ôïí åáõôü ôçò. ÐñÝðåé íá äßíåôáé ðñïóï÷Þ üôáí ãñÜöïõìå ìéá áíáäñïìéêÞ óõíÜñôçóç åðåéäÞ åßíáé ðéèáíü íá ôçí êÜíïõìå íá åðáíáëáìâÜíåôáé áôÝñìïíá. ÐñÝðåé íá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå Ýíáí åðáñêÞ ôñüðï ãéá íá ôåñìáôßóåôå ôçí áíáäñïìÞ. Ç áêüëïõèç áðëÞ óõíÜñôçóç áíáäñïìéêÜ ìåôñÜåé ùò ôï 10, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí óôáôéêÞ ìåôáâëçôÞ $count ãéá íá îÝñåé ðüôå èá óôáìáôÞóåé:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-6. ÓôáôéêÝò ìåôáâëçôÝò ìå áíáäñïìéêÝò óõíáñôÞóåéò <?php function Test() { static $count = 0; $count++; echo $count; if ($count < 10) { Test (); } $count--; } ?>

ÁíáöïñÝò ìå óôáôéêÝò êáé global ìåôáâëçôÝò

Ç Zend Engine 1, ðïõ ïäçãåß ôçí PHP4, õëïðïéåß ôïí óôáôéêü êáé global modifier ãéá ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò üóïí áöïñÜ ôéò áíáöïñÝò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ìéá ðñáãìáôéêÞ global ìåôáâëçôÞ ðïõ åéóÜãåôå ìÝóá óå ìéá åìâÝëåéá óõíÜñôçóçò ìå ôç äÞëùóç global óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá äçìéïõñãåß ìéá áíáöïñÜ óôçí global ìåôáâëçôÞ. Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ïäçãÞóåé óå ìç áíáìåíüìåíç óõìðåñéöïñÜ ðïõ öáßíåôáé óôï áêüëïõèï ðáñÜäåéãìá:

<?php
function test_global_ref() {
    global $obj;
    $obj = &new stdclass;
}

function test_global_noref() {
    global $obj;
    $obj = new stdclass;
}

test_global_ref();
var_dump($obj);
test_global_noref();
var_dump($obj);
?>

Åêôåëþíôáò ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá èá Ý÷ïõìå ôï áêüëïõèï áðïôÝëåóìá:

NULL
object(stdClass)(0) {
}

Ìéá ðáñüìïéá óõìðåñéöïñÜ åöáñìüæåôáé óôç óôáôéêÞ äÞëùóç. Ïé áíáöïñÝò äåí áðïèçêåýïíôáé óôáôéêÜ:

<?php
function &get_instance_ref() {
    static $obj;

    echo "Static object: ";
    var_dump($obj);
    if (!isset($obj)) {
        // Assign a reference to the static variable
        $obj = &new stdclass;
    }
    $obj->property++;
    return $obj;
}

function &get_instance_noref() {
    static $obj;

    echo "Static object: ";
    var_dump($obj);
    if (!isset($obj)) {
        // Assign the object to the static variable
        $obj = new stdclass;
    }
    $obj->property++;
    return $obj;
}

$obj1 = get_instance_ref();
$still_obj1 = get_instance_ref();
echo "\n";
$obj2 = get_instance_noref();
$still_obj2 = get_instance_noref();
?>

Åêôåëþíôáò ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá èá Ý÷ïõìå ôï áêüëïõèï áðïôÝëåóìá:

Static object: NULL
Static object: NULL

Static object: NULL
Static object: object(stdClass)(1) {
  ["property"]=>
  int(1)
}

Áõôü ôï ðáñÜäåéìá äåß÷íåé ðùò üôáí áíáèÝôïõìå ìéá áíáöïñÜ óå ìéá óôáôéêÞ ìåôáâëçôÞ, äåí ìÝíåé óôç ìíÞìç üôáí êáëåßôå ôç óõíÜñôçóç &get_instance_ref() ãéá äåýôåñç öïñÜ.

Öüñìåò ôçò HTML (GET êáé POST)

¼ôáí ìéá öüñìá åéóÜãåôáé óå Ýíá PHP script, ç ðëçñïöïñßá áðü ôç öüñìá ãßíåôáé áõôüìáôá äéáèÝóéìç óôï script. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëïß ôñüðïé ãéá íá ðñïóðåëÜóåôå ôçí ðëçñïöïñßá, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-7. Ìéá áðëÞ öüñìá óå HTML <form action="foo.php" method="POST"> Name: <input type="text" name="username"><br> Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit me!"> </form>

ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôï éäéáßôåñï setup êáé ôéò ðñïóùðéêÝò ðñïôéìÞóåéò, õðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëïß ôñüðïé ãéá íá ðñïóðåëÜóåôå ôá äåäïìÝíá áðü ôéò HTML öüñìåò óáò. ÌåñéêÜ ðáñáäåßãìáôá åßíáé:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-8. Ðñïóðåëáýíïíôáò äåäïìÝíá áðü ìéá áðëÞ POST HTML öüñìá <?php // Available since PHP 4.1.0 print $_POST['username']; print $_REQUEST['username']; import_request_variables('p', 'p_'); print $p_username; // Available since PHP 3. As of PHP 5.0.0, these long predefined // variables can be disabled with the register_long_arrays directive. print $HTTP_POST_VARS['username']; // Available if the PHP directive register_globals = on. As of // PHP 4.2.0 the default value of register_globals = off. // Using/relying on this method is not preferred. print $username; ?>

Ç ÷ñÞóç ìéáò GET öüñìáò åßíáé ðáñüìïéá åêôüò áðü ôï üôé ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí êáôÜëëçëç ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíç ìåôáâëçôÞ GET. Ç GET åðßóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôï QUERY_STRING (ç ðëçñïöïñßá ìåôÜ ôï '?' óå Ýíá URL). Óõíåðþò, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ç http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3 ðåñéÝ÷åé GET äåäïìÝíá ôá ïðïßá åßíáé ðñïóðåëÜóéìá ìå ôçí $_GET['id']. Äåßôå åðßóçò ôçí $_REQUEST êáé ôçí import_request_variables().

¼ðùò äåßîáìå, ðñéí ôçí PHP 4.2.0 ç ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíç ôéìÞ ãéá ôç register_globals Þôáí on. Êáé óôçí PHP 3 Þôáí ðÜíôá on. Ç êïéíüôçôá ôçò PHP åíèáññýíåé üëïõò íá ìçí âáóßæïíôáé ó'áõôÞ ôçí íôéñåêôßâá êáèþò ðñïôéìÜôáé íá õðïèÝôïõìå üôé åßíáé off êáé íá ãñÜöïõìå êþäéêá óýìöùíá ìå áõôÞ ôçí õðüèåóç.

Ç PHP åðßóçò êáôáëáâáßíåé arrays ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ðåñéå÷üìåíï áðü ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò öïñìþí (äåßôå ôï ó÷åôéêü faq). ºóùò, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ïìáäïðïéÞóåôå ó÷åôéêÝò ìåôáâëçôÝò ìáæß, Þ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ãéá íá ðÜñåôå ôéìÝò áðü Ýíá multiple select input. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áò óôåßëïõìå ìéá öüñìá óôïí åáõôü ôçò êáé ìåôÜ ôçí õðïâïëÞ åìöáíéóôïýí ôá äåäïìÝíá:

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 7-9. Ðåñéóóüôåñåò óýíèåôåò ìåôáâëçôÝò öïñìþí <?php if (isset($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] == 'submitted') { print '<pre>'; print_r($_POST); print '<a href="'. $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] .'">Please try again</a>'; print '</pre>'; } else { ?> <form action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>" method="POST"> Name: <input type="text" name="personal[name]"><br> Email: <input type="text" name="personal[email]"><br> Beer: <br> <select multiple name="beer[]"> <option value="warthog">Warthog</option> <option value="guinness">Guinness</option> <option value="stuttgarter">Stuttgarter Schwabenbräu</option> </select><br> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="submitted"> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit me!"> </form> <?php } ?>

Óôçí PHP 3, ç ÷ñÞóç ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò array ôçò öüñìáò åßíáé ðåñéïñéóìÝíç óå ìïíïäéÜóôáôïõò arrays. Óôçí PHP 4, äåí åöáñìüæïíôáé ôÝôïéïé ðåñéïñéóìïß.

<input type="image" src="image.gif" name="sub">

HTTP Cookies

Ç PHP ìå äéáöÜíåéá õðïóôçñßæåé ôá HTTP cookies üðùò Ý÷ïõí ïñéóôåß óôï Netscape's Spec. Ôá cookies åßíáé Ýíáò ìç÷áíéóìüò áðïèÞêåõóçò äåäïìÝíùí óå Ýíáí áðïìáêñõóìÝíï browser ãéá ôïí åíôïðéóìü êáé áíáãíþñéóç ÷ñçóôþí ðïõ îáíáåðéóêÝðôïíôáé óôï site. Ìðïñåßôå íá ïñßóåôå cookies ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôç óõíÜñôçóç setcookie() . Ôá cookies åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ HTTP header, óõíåðþò ç óõíÜñôçóç SetCookie ðñÝðåé íá êáëåßôáé ðñéí ôï áðïôÝëåóìá óôáëåß óôïí browser. Áõôü Ý÷åé ôïõò ßäéïõò ðåñéïñéóìïýò üðùò êáé óôç óõíÜñôçóç header(). Ôá äåäïìÝíá ôùí cookies åßíáé åí óõíå÷åßá äéáèÝóéìá óôïõò êáôÜëëçëïõò cookie data arrays, üðùò ï $_COOKIE, ï $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS êáèùå åðßóçò êáé ï $_REQUEST. Äåßôå ôçí setcookie() óôç óåëßäá ôïõ manual ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ðáñáäåßãìáôá.

Áí åðéèõìåßôå íá áíáèÝóåôå ðïëëáðëÝò ôéìÝò óå ìéá ìüíï ìåôáâëçôÞ cookie, ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå ôçí áíÜèåóç áõôÞ üðùò êáé óå Ýíáí array. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:

<?php
  setcookie("MyCookie[foo]", "Testing 1", time()+3600);
  setcookie("MyCookie[bar]", "Testing 2", time()+3600);
?>

Áõôü èá äçìéïõñãÞóåé äõï äéáöïñåôéêÜ cookies ðáñüëïõ ðïõ ôï MyCookie èá åßíáé ôþñá Ýíá áðëü array óôï script óáò. Áí èÝëåôå íá ïñßóåôå áêüìç Ýíá cookie ìå ðïëëáðëÝò ôéìÝò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßóôå ôçí serialize() Þ ôçí explode() ðñþôá óôçí ôéìÞ.

Óçìåéþóôå üôé Ýíá cookie èá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé Ýíá ðñïçãïýìåíï cookie ìå ôï ßäéï üíïìá óôïí browser óáò åêôüò êáé áí ôï path Þ ôï domain åßíáé äéáöïñåôéêü. Óõíåðþò, ãéá ìéá åöáñìïãÞ åíüò shopping cart ßóùò ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êñáôÞóåôå Ýíáí ìåôñçôÞ êáé íá ôïí ðåñÜóåôå. ð.÷.

<?php
if (isset($_COOKIE['count'])) {
    $count = $_COOKIE['count'] + 1;
} else {
    $count = 1;
}
setcookie("count", $count, time()+3600);
setcookie("Cart[$count]", $item, time()+3600);
?>

Ôåëåßåò óå åóùôåñéêÜ ïíüìáôá ìåôáâëçôþí

ÔõðéêÜ, ç PHP äåí áëëÜæåé ôá ïíüìáôá ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí üôáí áõôÜ ðåñíéïýíôáé óå Ýíá script. ÐÜíôùò, ðñÝðåé íá óçìåéùèåß üôé ç ôåëåßá dot (period, full stop) äåí åßíáé Ýíáò Ýãêõñïò ÷áñáêôÞñáò óôçí PHP ãéá ïíüìáôá ìåôáâëçôþí. Ãé'áõôü ôï ëüãï, äåßôå áõôü:

<?php $varname.ext; /* invalid variable name */ ?>

Ôþñá, üôáí ï parser âëÝðåé ìéá ìåôáâëçôÞ ìå ôï üíïìá $varname, áêïëïõèïýìåíç áðü ôïí ôåëåóôÞ óõííÝíùóçò string, áêïëïõèïýìåíï áðü Ýíá barestring (ð.÷. Ýíá string ÷ùñßò åéóáãùãéêÜ ôï ïðïßï äåí ôáéñéÜæåé ìå êáíÝíá ãíùóôü êëåéäß Þ êÜðïéá äåóìåõìÝíç ëÝîç) 'ext'. Ðñïöáíþò, áõôü äåí Ý÷åé ôï áíáìåíüìåíï áðïôÝëåóìá.

Ãé'áõôü ôï ëüãï, åßíáé óçìáíôéêü íá óçìåéþóïõìå üôé ç PHP èá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé áõôüìáôá üëåò ôéò ôåëåßåò óå åóùôåñéêÜ ïíüìáôá ìåôáâëçôþí, ìå underscores.

Ïñßæïíôáò ôýðïõò ìåôáâëçôþí

ÅðåéäÞ ç PHP êáèïñßæåé ôïõò ôýðïõò ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí êáé ôïõò ìåôáôñÝðåé (ãåíéêÜ) üðùò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, äåí åßíáé ðÜíôá ðñïöáíÝò ôé ôýðïõ åßíáé ìéá äåäïìÝíç ìåôáâëçôÞ ïðïéáäÞðïôå óôéãìÞ. Ç PHP ðåñéÝ÷åé äéÜöïñåò óõíáñôÞóåéò ïé ïðïßåò âñßóêïõí ôé ôýðï Ý÷åé êÜèå ìåôáâëçôÞ, üðùò ïé: gettype(), is_array(), is_float(), is_int(), is_object(), êáé ç is_string(). Äåßôå åðßóçò ôï êåöÜëáéï ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôïõò Ôýðïõò.

Ticks

¸íá tick åßíáé Ýíá event ðïõ åìöáíßæåôáé ãéá êÜèå N low-level äÞëùóç ðïõ åêôåëåßôáé áðü ôïí ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ ìÝóá óôï declare block. Ç ôéìÞ ãéá ôï N åßíáé óõãêåêñéìÝíç ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ticks=N ìÝóá óôá declare blocks ôïõ ôìÞìáôïò ôçò directive.

Ôá event(s) ðïõ åìöáíßæïíôáé óå êÜèå tick åßíáé óõãêåêñéìÝíá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí register_tick_function(). Äåßôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò. Óçìåéþóôå üôé ðåñéóóüôåñá áðü Ýíá event ìðïñïýí íá åìöáíéóôïýí ãéá êÜèå tick.

ÐáñÜäåéãìá 11-1. Ôï ðñïößë Ýíïò ôìÞìáôïò êþäéêá PHP <?php // A function that records the time when it is called function profile ($dump = FALSE) { static $profile; // Return the times stored in profile, then erase it if ($dump) { $temp = $profile; unset ($profile); return ($temp); } $profile[] = microtime (); } // Set up a tick handler register_tick_function("profile"); // Initialize the function before the declare block profile (); // Run a block of code, throw a tick every 2nd statement declare (ticks=2) { for ($x = 1; $x < 50; ++$x) { echo similar_text (md5($x), md5($x*$x)), "<br />;"; } } // Display the data stored in the profiler print_r (profile (TRUE)); ?>

Ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá åìöáíßæåé ôïí PHP êþäéêá ìÝóá óôï ìðëïê 'declare', êáôáãñÜöïíôáò ôïí ÷ñüíï êáôÜ ôïí ïðïßï êÜèå äåõôåñåýïõóá ÷áìçëïý åðéðÝäïõ äÞëùóç óôï ìðëïê åêôåëåßôáé. ÁõôÞ ç ðëçñïöïñßá ìðïñåß óôç óõíÝ÷åéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óôçí åýñåóç "áñãþí" ðåñéï÷þí ìÝóá óå éäéáßôåñá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ êþäéêá. ÁõôÞ ç äéáäéêáóßá ìðïñåß íá åêôåëåóôåß ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò êáé Üëëåò ìåèüäïõò: ç ÷ñÞóç ticks åßíáé ðéï Üíåôç êáé åýêïëç óôçí õëïðïßçóç.

Ôá ticks ôáéñéÜæïõí ùñáßá óôï debugging, õëïðïéþíôáò áðëÝò multitasking êáé backgrounded I/O åñãáóßåò êáèþò êáé äéÜöïñåò Üëëåò.

Äåßôå åðßóçò ôéò register_tick_function() êáé unregister_tick_function().