0. Select the greek language from the installation. Then don't change the language because I can't find a way to restore it back. If sth goes wrong you can correct it by creating a new user To reset the settings replace the file .xftcache with one with greek settings Its better not to change any setting in the language configuration You can loose the accents from the greek letters Be carefull to install lilo on the linux logical partition (e.g. hda5 and not on the mbr hda in order to be able to use boot magic for it Copy The icons in the MyDocs\Linux\Backup folder to the desktop. Copy and replace the .bash_profile file. To install Mandrake 9_2 use a working Mandrake 9 and update from there. The problem is in XFree server provided with 9_2 which doesn't work while the XFree in 9 does. I tried installing it afterwards but it didn't work Use the file XF86Config-4 which is a working configuration, if anything goes wrong. 1. GeForce4 FX5200 was not detected. Instead use vesa driver 16bit 1024x768 in SONY E100 because it uses 85hz refresh rate while 800x600 and 640x480 use 60Hz. 2. In the Start Panel icons select Mandrake Control Center and from there change bootconfig and configure Now if the other OSs are in the list you can assign them with more descriptive names and autologin if you want. From Control Center/System/Login Manager add the users to the graphical boot. Delete etc/gtmp and /etc/ptmp if necessary. You must run as root Optionally if you run as other click one the administrator icon to supply a password Add root and vagelis and change icon of vagelis to ic-nature1.pn 3. From Mount points you can change the mount point directories into more descriptive names. A reboot is needed to activate changes or mount -a command as root. Avoid changing cdrom mount points. Some programs may expect them to be mounted in cdrom folder. Instead change the links in the Removable media (desktop icon) 4. Sound mixer is located at Multimedia/Sound/Aumix. For TV From Control Center/Hardware/TV cards select PAL and East Europe and let it scan.. If windows start to annoying redraw themselves all the time, select from XawTVideo/Options capture grabdisplay. Press left right button on the slider to change color/hue.. 5. As a style select system-series. As a scheme (select Solaris or Solaris with white background at Control Center LookNFeel/Colors and save it as Solaris-white Right click a window and from Window Decoration select Redmond (windows-like) if you want or any other 6. From Lauch Feedback click Enable Busy Cursor to show that system is busy. If it turns annoying disable it 7. From Control Center/LooknFeel/Fonts select use Anti-Aliasing. If using 1024x768 you can increase font size by adjusting all fonts to 14. From Center/LooknFeel/Desktop/Appearance set also size 16 and color to lightest-grey From Control Center/LooknFeel/Icons you canset to 48 pixels From Control Center/LooknFeel/Panel/Look n Feel you can enable background tiles 8. As a Task Manager Applications/Monitoring/Gnome System Monitor can be used. 9. To be able to read and write in greek go to Control Center/Software Management/Install Software and install anything that is described to support greek fonts and encoding, especially in Open Office. You must select this at installation preferably 10. Then go to the time icon (bottom - right) click with the right button and select Date And Time Format. 11. Its better not to change any setting in the language configuration You can loose the accents from the greek letters. So don't do the following To change keyboard layout go to the flag icon (bottom right) select English as first layout followed by greek or go to the Mandrake Control center and from Hardware choose Keyboard. Choose greek layout and Alt+Shift to change languages. You can enable keyboard layout to view a flag icon at the bottom right. In case you change with alt+shift it will not show it 12. You can write now in Greek switching by Alt+Shift (in OpenOffice etc). You must select a font that includes greek (like Times) 13. Open Office can open and save in a lot of Microsoft Office formats, something very usefull. To install help go to the Mandrake Control Center and from Installation search for help. Install the help in english. 14. To Open a text file in greek it must be txt. You should open it then as greek encoded (an option window will pop up). Unfortunately if it is a doc or other it want open correctly. ???? will be placed in place of the greek characters. A roundabout solution is to copy the text with the ????? then paste it in a blank new text file. Save it as encoded text (greek). Then Open it as greek - encoded. It will only lose the formatting. 15. To Install new hardware (like a printer) go to Mandrake Control Center/Hardware/Hardware List. Auto detection will start then you can alter configurations with Run Config. 16. Xaw TV video is good for channel changing. For more options use Zapping application. 17. A quick editor is Kate. Especially for quick editing and testing. From Konqueror choose open with Kate. To install it from mandrake_9_2/RPMS (cd1) look for libkdebase4-kate-3.1.3-79mdk.i586.rpm and kdebase-kate-3.1.3-79mdk.i586.rpm If not listed click the arrow at the top After opening Kate you can drag and drop files there. You can move through open documents with the arrows next to open icon Increase - decrease size of text. Find a file (use the icon Use the left icons to quickly open a new file and view open files On Mandrake 9_2 install by login as root A more sophisticated in Microsoft Word standards is OpenOffice.org Writer. From Tool Views/Show File List . To stack it at left place it over and double click the top buttons If any problems in the integrated installation of OpenOffice in Mandrake you can install it from the same DVD the Mandrake iso's (Linux/Applications) are (RAM-164-Dec2002). (CD2) Copy it, unzip it and install it at programs directory by running setup as user vagelis in the default directory. Find java environment (install it with Sun One Studio) Then in programs directory execute swriter. If it fails start setup and choose repair. Then execute again swriter. Edit the Menu at Office/WordProcessors and change command of the OpenOffice.org writer to home/vagelis/OpenOffice.org1.0.1/program/swriter 18. Some things about Konqueror. Hidden files are not displayed by default in Konqueror. To display them go to View. If Konqueror opens a file you want to be opened by another program right click on while open and select open with. The path can be edited and can use TAB like console uses it. It is very helpful. If an executable does not open use CTRL+T to open a terminal to execute it Save view options (detailed list instead of icons as default) from Window Save View Profile From Window/Split View Left Right you can split the browser to be able to copy files easily!! To browse in windows explorer like type from Window/Load Profile/Preview Files. Then You can can change to the left pane or right the icon-like or detail-like view. Save it as explorer-like The font used can be changed from Control Center/Substances/FileExplorer () ->>>>>Konqueror can import and export favorites from IE,Mozilla,Opera. Can also search into favorites, and also to html (useful when browsing away from home<<<<<<<- Use the terminal emulator to integrate konsole into konqueror -->>As a browser after selecting text on a page and clicking middle button it searches for it through google. From Options/Behavior tabbed browsing uncheck hide the tabs bar when only 1 tab is open. To toggle single/double click to open files go to Control Center/Peripherals/Mouse Edit toolbars to include send files 19. From Settings/ConfiqureKonqueror go to Web Browser/Java and add the path and enable check options. 20. From Configuration/Hardware/Kfloppy or GnomeFLopp you can format a floppy. 21. From Configuration/Hardware/KWickdisk you can view details about mounted filesystems. An icon in bottom right is initiated. Find a way to add it at startup. No way found, just restore a desktop with it running as a an icon. 22. To paste copied text just select it (dont use Ctrl-c) then go to the console or other program and press the central button. This works in most of the cases The central button is also used to scroll to a group of programs in the kpanel bar. 23. A good browser is Galeon. Especially for greek 24. XMMS is a winamp look like audio player. To play an audio cd right click and select play location (Or press CTRL+L) Then enter /mnt/cdrom (or press down arrow and return) From skins select ultrafina_SE 25. At Konqueror You can add shortcuts to partitions and cd-roms to the left toolbar. Go to the hammer icon and choose addnew 26. You can change mouse option from Control Center/Peripherals. Put acceleration to 2X. Double the size for better handling in 1024/768 in a 15 inch monitor For a USB mouse from Mandrake Control Center/Harwdare/Mouse select USB Wheel mouse If mouse stops responding try disconnecting and reconnecting to the same or other usb port 27. From Control Center change also from Sound Mp3 setting as 128 constant bitrate high quality. 28. As a background (from Control Panel/Look And Feel) select Totally-New-Product-1.jpg *********************MODEM INSTALLATION********************* 29.All files are in Programcd4/Linux/modem For modem Crypto 56k internal (follow the insBoottructions in file programscd5/linux/modem/Linux drivers for Conexant Chips - HSF driver installation.htm) double click hsflinmodem-5.03.27lnxtbeta03042700k2.4.19_16mdk-1mdk.i586.rpm Software modems need special drivers. These drivers build a new dev file that is then linked to dev modem. Link /dev/modem to the new driver. Before linking you must delete the current link Type rm /dev/modem as many times to remove all the links Type ln -s /dev/ttySHSF0 /dev/modem to reassign to the new driver file To test the installation launch Networking/Remote Access/KPPP dial tool From Setup/Modem click query modem. ICEWM With KPPP is easy to connect PAP is the protocol select 115200, no wait for dialtone and save password For usb connection do the following check if the modem is found from configuration/hardware/usbview from command prompt type the following mknod /dev/usb/ttyACM0 c 166 0 Check from kppp if netmod if found. It should be on ttyACM0 no matter where you connected the cable else try mknod /dev/usb/ttyACM1 c 166 1 mknod /dev/usb/ttyACM2 c 166 2 mknod /dev/usb/ttyACM3 c 166 3 In Kppp just change the modem type to /dev/usb/ttyACM0. For Intracom isdn modem at the AT commands remove the commands for modem speaker (it doesn;t have) As initialization string use ATJA80JS60B0 to enable one channel 128 kbps ATB40 to use only one channel 64 kbps ATB0 to use both channels 128 kbps (works good for pi-sch) kppp reached 5,9 top 5 average on PSTN connection and 8,4 top 7,3 average on ISDN Select place it at the panel after login To enable selected users to use kppp do the following mv /usr/bin/kppp /usr/bin/kppp2#make a backup copy kppp2 in case of cp /usr/bin/kppp2 /usr/bin/kppp#problems First of all since kppp is not suid you can't use the modem which is controlled only by root chmod 4750 /usr/bin/kppp2 # to make it suid make a dialout group and add the users you want to access kppp to it chown root.dialout /usr/bin/kppp#set owner root group dialout to kppp Optionally or together with the above create a file named /etc/kppp.allow (be sure that it has 644 permissions or 640 if you use a dialout group) and put in the users who are in the new group (dialout) and you want them to use kppp , one user name per line. So 2 ways. The system way with group priviledges and the embedded to kppp way. Unzip XISP to home/vagelis/programs/xisp XISP configuration is in programscd4/linux/modem/modem-connection-www.linux.gr.htm ISP parameters in programscd4/linux/magaz.hellug.gr/06/05_xisp2.html Read all the hints and make sure that everything is followed. The file etc/ppp/chap-secrets CONTAINS THE PASSWORD.Be sure that you do sth for that. Do not allow read etc. Remove -v in file etc/ppp/peers/ppp0 in order not to expose password in log files. You must REMOVE ALSO THE line lock in the file /etc/ppp/options Read file programscd4/linux/linux-how_to/el/ISP-Connectivity-GR.html The files xisp_dialer and xisp_modem must exist in the etc/ppp/peers, and have execute permissions for everyone Do not copy the files, copy paste the text to newly created, in order to keep the correct permissions (or copy files and change permissions) Copy paste thcampings-roomse files xispdial and xispterm from home/vagelis/xisp to etc/ppp. Confirm by seeing OK in Programs tab in XISP A good initialization string is AT &F. Be sure to add X3 Dialing extra in order not to wait for dial tone Select Hardware flow control (not Xon/Xoff) Change to dev/modem. Select 115200. Change the ISP specific settings in XISP options by reading Greek ISP Providers.htm If sth goes wrong, read and follow all the hints. If you change the tariffs and xisp won't start check the output by running from command prompt Then if the problem is in .xisplogs remove this file (you will lose any saved statistics) A very quick way is to copy paste the entire etc/ppp directory If you have also copy pasted the root directory and the vagelis directory it would work To add netmod when attached to com1 (right serial port), do the following First open kppp and test com1 to see if the modem is connected ok From xisp copy paste an existing configuration, then follow the instructions from the netmod cd html/downloads/pdf/pdf_gr/linuxxisp.pdf. Make a pap-secrets file like the chap-secrets one, at etc/ppp/peers make a xisp_ttyS0 with dev/ttyS0 at the first line (the rest like the xisp_modem file). pischools uses pap, at modem change device name to /dev/ttyS0, modem reset ATZ, initialization AT no dialing extra required. Dialing method ISDN. At tcp/ip options change MTU/MRU to 576 Primary DNS 194.63.239.238 (manual DNS support) (Forthnet is 194.219.227.2 The above procedure is for serial connection. make a xisp_ttyACM0 with /dev/usb/ttyACM0 at the first line (the rest like the xisp_modem file). change device name at xisp to dev/usb/ttyACM0 ************************************************************ 30. To make a link to an application on the desktop right click and select Create New/Link to application 31. 32. By default nescape 4.7 installs on /opt/Netscape. Netscape 7.1 installs to usr/local/netscape Change it to programs/netscape if you want For Netscape installation unzip the files to a temp directory, see the READMEnetscape.txt. from Konsole run as root nsinstall. For Netscape 7.1 run from konsole netscape-installer-bin Add an entry in Networking/WWW/Netscape, ( icon on installation directory), uncheck run in terminal. Then copy the link in the desktop Change homepage at edit/preferences/Navigator At edit/preferences/Navigator/Languages add greek language, move it to the top. Change the encoding to greek. If the font is not so much readable change it back to english At edit/preferences/Privacy and Security/Passwords check use encryption Add a password at Master Passwords From advanced/Software uncheck check for updates Do not leave the download manager without netscape. There is a problem running netscape them as it requires only one instance. A cancelled download may be resumed if the connection is not shut down 33. To view images a good program is Multimedia/Graphics/Kuickshow. From its icons select open one Image Window and Preview From Konqueror right click in the folder where the images are and select Kuickshow (from the arrow at the top for faster) Select short view Another one is GQview, which is shows image icons for files and remembers old directories Go to Edit/Options/Image and select fit image to window If opening from konqueror select KuickView, else select GQview All viewers and editors are in Multimedia/Graphics 34. If during installation of Mandrake cds the disc tray keeps getting in and out try closing all the konqueror windows Since Konqueror mounts filesystems automatically it may cause this 35. Install xine as a video and multimedia player. Install from Mandrake 9 dvd (from all cds) by searching xine rpms If initial installation doesn't work search any xine packages and reinstall them They can be found on Mandrake 9 2nd cd. Use -i --force to reinstall corrupted installation after upgrading to Mandrake 9.2 To play cd audio. Select from xine setup input dev/cdrom. Then select cda. From setup gui select lcd skin which is the most easily viewable. From MRL browser select file and select any video, audio file. If any problems, exit and restart. (pretty buggy program). To view full screen click up-right at the gui For subtitles select 0 from the player and adjust the horizontal width of the movie to center them Do not select full screen as this may distort the subtitles, select maximize It can decode most of the files including divx from GKnot but it cannot play divx smoothly from camtasia recorder (probably not too good decoder) If sth goes wrong with divx movies install divxdecoder from linux/programs/dvd Install Keybindings Next file in mrl playlist ` and Previous TAB 1,2,3 .. are used to quickly move into the file mplayer can play divx videos etc, without speed problems (like xine). It has to be run from terminal with the file as a parameter. mplayer -playlist *.m3u (winamp playlist). It can use a winamp playlist!!! To play everything in a directory use * as a file name run as mplayer -vo x11 -x 1024 -y 768 -zoom Cursors to move. SHIFT+> or < for next, previous file. P to pause. O for time displayexit Install mplayer -skins gmplayer must be as gmplayer -vo x11 -x 1024 -y 768 -zoom (if your resolution is 1024x768, else whatever it is divx avi movies play with double speed in gmplayer, use mplayer instead. Adjustment must be made unfortunately for the delay of the sound with - , + mplayer and gmplayer seem to have a better image quality Anyway if any problems with xine and gmplayer use mplayer -vo x11 -x 1024 -y 768 -zoom *** Download font at http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html *** for OSD/Subtitles support and extract to /usr/local/share/mplayer/font/ install -c -m 644 etc/codecs.conf /usr/local/etc/mplayer/codecs.conf source tar at make install last lines output where To play a dvd from a hard disc folder : gmplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /mnt/hda13/TOUCH_OF_SPICE/video_ts/ with gmplayer dvd:/ you can only play dvds on one drive see where /dev/dvd links Use gmplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/hdd to play from another device memcoder is an encoder that is installed along with mplayer. Before compiling be sure lame is installed, the win32 dll codecs are in their default directory /usr/local/lib/codecs/, divx4linux is installed (check configure.log if any problem in detection) and libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 in (compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.118.i386.rpm) is also installed. Then run ./configure and if everything is detected run make and make install Then try mencoder -oac pcm -ovc lavc -of avi -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=1000 4444.avi To watch tv from mplayer try mplayer tv://68 -tv driver=v4l2:width=800:height=600:device=/dev/video0:input=0:norm=PAL:chanlist=europe-east:outfmt=yv12 -vo xv or mplayer tv://SE17 -tv driver=v4l2:width=800:height=600:device=/dev/video0:outfmt=yv12 -vo xv or mplayer -tv driver=v4l:noaudio:width=640:height=480:input=0:norm=pal tv://25 Finally to encode to divx directly from tv source mencoder -tv driver=v4l2:width=640:height=480:device=/dev/video0:outfmt=yv12 tv://SE17 -o ~/tv.avi -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of avi -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=1000 (audio -oac pcm should not be used as it creates enormous files (plus 1400kbps!) I must use lavc or mp3lame a better approach is to use a script with fewer params like one name tvrecord.sh #!/bin/bash if [ -z "$1" ]; then echo usage: $0 channel exit fi mencoder -tv driver=v4l2:width=640:height=480:device=/dev/video0:outfmt=yv12 tv://$1 -o tv.avi -oac lavc -ovc lavc -of avi -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=1000 36. To see a zip file in Konqueror right click and select preview in archiver. If zip executable is not installed You can find it in programscd4/linux/ login as root and copy it to /usr/bin For quick extraction (supposing that the zip unzips to a directory also) copy the zip files to the directory you want to unzip and select extract here 37. For cd recording use X-cdRoast. Add full access to all users Writing an mp3 in a 4x CDRW without id3tags produced a result not excellently readable from NAPA Test should be made with Nero at Windows to compare. 38. To install a printer go to Mandrake Control Center from Printer/Hardware click add a new printer Canon S200x has no listed driver. Use BJC-600 instead. Select draft quality (to save off ink) Name it as CanonS200xBlack since only black can be printed without problem. Colour mixing is misplaced From Properties/Device select colours to be used black for any colour. Use this at the moment to force colour printed in greyscale. Use Mode monochrome To give a user access to printing put him in lp group To enable him to start stop the printer put him in sys group If any problems reinstall Cups-1.1.23-source.tar.bz2, and rpm -i --force ghostscript-7.07.1-0.i386.rpm try both drivers for s200 gimp/foomatic and also bjc-600 Uninstall and reinstall drivers from kcmshell printmgr 39. To start/stop a service go to Mandrake Control Center/System/Services 40. TEAC CDWRITER is annoying searching for a cd if nothing is inserted. This happens when you open the mnt directory. A solution is to have a directory like /mnt/cdwriter/TEAC52X and mount it there Mount also the dvdrom. In case that a disc is automatically reinserted automatically after an eject command, close all konqueror's windows. Be a liitle patient and wait for activity to stop. If that doesn't solve close all other applications also and eject from the icon in the desktop 41. Install also Sun One studio. See mydata/Mystuff16-programming/GeneralInfotxts/Running-debuggingJava.txt 42. in MyDocs/Linux/Linux_backup.zip we have .bashrc and all the desktop icons. Extract them correspondingly. The .bashrc can be overwrite the root/.bashrc. We suppose that we change the /home/vagelis/.bashrc 43. From control Center/LooknFeel/Style select System series. It is a very nice one! With that you can have control Center/LooknFeel/Colors Blue Slate, or others since the style is making the difference 44. You can easily add a viewer to a file by right-clicking and selecting edit file types. Move the preferred to the top Then on the embedding select show file in separate viewer For avi,mpg select xine. Use one configuration for both. Delete all settings in the other and restart KDE Its practical to add viewers to the folder type. The following can be added Kuickshow,Gqview,XMMS,xine,nautilus,kdesu konqueror, Select them from the menu to preserve the icon 45. If you wantto view a group in Kmenu click on the bottom of it. The menu will detach to the desktop 46. Office/Time Management/Ktimer is a nice task scheduler, the only problem is that the delay is in seconds 47. There is also ICQ on linux. See Networking/Instance Messaging 48. To copy a screenshot either whole screen or an image use the GIMP. From File/Acquire. (Another one is Multimedia/graphics/KSnapshot) GIMP can do a lot of different stuff 49 Multimedia/Sound/Grip rips audio cds and converts them to mp3 It is slow in extracting, normal in converting (by default encodes to ogg, the encoder must be changed in options) 50. A good practise to execute as a different user, is to bring up terminal, type su - vagelis and then execute (e.g. XISP). To execute as root you can also execute konqueror super-user mode from Applications/File Tools/File manager-Super user mode 51. Do not insert a cd before start up as it will be mounted by root and it will cause problems changing it 52. To change a user go to Mandrake Control Center/System/Users. Delete etc/gtmp and /etc/ptmp if necessary. If the name of the user is also a name of the group and you want to delete that group delete the entry from /etc/group file 53. To preserve settings of a user copy the whole directory then login as root and change permissions to the directory and its subdirectories to the user It would be better to backup it to a linux partition, or with X-cd-Roast to burn it from linux!! 54. Opera is a fast browser. It is a very good download manager also, since it remembers the positions of the files and can resume from there, something that netscape doesn't. So especially for downloads use Opera From Preferences/Page Style you can set default Zoom to 120%, Also from Preferences/Programs and paths set download directory to mnt/mydata/programs5/new. For encoding select utf-8 at preferences/language Be careful to install version 7 and not 6 From preferences/Windows/popups select show requested pop-ups only to allow some sites to work!(www.sms2all.gr) 55. An editor to use for greek is KWord. Select 8859-7 save encoding and Times(Urw) as the font. From Settings/konfigure Kword/Document Settings select this font as the default and tab at 8mm A better one is Open Office.org Writer. Use saving as encoded text and select greek, times, iso8859-7 At saving select CR+LF to be more compatible with MS Windows 56. A very good graphical tool for tracing internet is xtraceroute. I' ll try to find one for windows also 57. A nice downloader is d4x. Install following the instructions as root. configure, make, make install Before running turn off sound, Then from properties remove the sound option The executable is usr/local/bin/d4x 58. Mozilla is a good alternative Internet Browser 59. wine is an intresting windows emulator under linux. Follow the README instructions. from tools execute wineinstall as a user. Problems when opening/saving a document magenta lexicon is working although greek chars cannot be written 60. From xterm select options/font/huge (or large) and terminal size 80x25, and themes transparent for MC (this uses the wallpaper), then save the changes. If any problems use another terminal like Gnome terminal (e.g. problems in partimage 3 left columns) Edit profile, uncheck use the same fonts, select monospace 16, from effectes choose jpg image mountain10_mountains1024.jpg (shade at 40%), from colors uncheck use from system and use #B5B2B5 at name 61. KwikDisk and Kmix icons can be started at startup if you save a session with them running as icons. Be sure that system tray applet is on kde panel. If not, add it 62. Run partimage from gnome terminal ( from standard terminal 3 left columns are not shown). Split into files smaller than 1 GB when saving at a FAT32 partition. 63. To make a boot disk use the following command mkbootdisk 2.4.20-8 (the version is in /lib/modules) 64. Kylix is a linux delphi. Install it as a standard user (not root), somehow it doesn't work. Then copy reg92.txt to your home directory. It is also a linux c/c++ !! Kylix Delphi : At Tools/Editor Options/General/ change tab stop to 3 For Console Applications Kylix must be run in a terminal. Copy the link from the startmenu to the desktop and then go to properties/execution and check execution in terminal, or open a terminal and execute 'startdelphi' Add a user variable from Tools/Environment Options/Environment Variables e.g. TEE as /mnt/hda12/MyDocs/teach/programmatismos/programs Then from open type $TEE press enter and it will go to that folder 65. To use an icon theme do the following. From Control Center/Look and feel icons/theme select slick or conectiva crystal select 48 pixels from advanced. If the theme does not appear copy it (as root) from a mounted other installation It's in file:/usr/share/icons. Copy all the themes to this folder skipping already existing 66. To backup a hard disk use the following command (I haven;t tested it yet) dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hdb where hdb is the destination hard disk 67. VMWARE is a virtual machine emulator to run other operating systems inside a windowed application. Make a virtual partition using the space left in your linux partition. It will be used as a file in a directory named by the OS name Install vmware without network options and using all the defaults. 68. Gnome-search-tool is an alternative to the search tool integrated in konqueror. 69. net_monitor is a useful utility to monitor network i/o 70. sftp is a console file tranfer program. Use ? to view the commands mget file* to receive files as the pattern lcd first to specify download directory. the proftp daemon must be running on the server machine 71. free command shows memory usage 72. From Mandrake Control Center/System/Display manager you can choose the gnome or the xdm display manager for login window. Revert to the default which is mandrake If for any reason kdm,xdm or gdm does not start on system startup and you have enabled graphic login in mandrake control center boot auto connetcion, just do a change to gdm as the default (see above) for example and dm will be reconfigured and the problem hopefully will be solved. 73. gftp is a nice client. From Options add kwrite as editor (kate didn't save the changes) Be carefull to see the pop up window after the file has changed 74. Install java Sun One Studio from the cd or the dvd in 2 steps. If studio isn't installed at the first step, delete its directory and run setup again. For S1studio test before installation an existing simple project (like my Quickphonebook) Mystuff-programming/Mystuff(java)/mypackages/gr/vagk/QuickPhoneBook> ./QuickPhoneBook.sh If it does not it may require libstdc++2.9-glibc2.1_2.91.66-4_i386.deb (Make sure also that javascript is enabled in mozilla and firefox) 75. VERY IMPORTANT!!!!!!!! **************************************************************************************** When restoring a mandrake linux installation which was at partition e.g. hda5 to hda6 do the following : Go to Control Center and from lilo add a new menu for linux with loader at hda6 and same setting as hda5. If needed edit the /etc/lilo.conf file copying and pasting altered lines from the hda5 menu. Edit /etc/fstab so that hda6 is root and not old hda5 Execute lilo from command line or from the Control Center tool to install it. Reboot. Check that both menu items work. Then boot to hda6 and repeat the same steps (without changing /etc/fstab now) to install the boot loader at hda6 as well **************************************************************************************** 76. A useful tool for configuring network is netconf! It can configure a lot of stuff!! Including Apache, nfs, samba, hosts, etc 77)dhcptd is a free dhcp daemon that comes with a graphical user interface in both Linux/Windows 78)Nfs is the linux filesystem share ability. To setup follow instructions covered in ruteLinuxBeginnersGuide.pdf. Here is an example of the lines used in the remote pc's /etc/fstab to mount there. athlon:/mnt/cdrom /mnt/nfs/dvdrw nfs ro,auto,user 0 0 athlon:/mnt/hda11 /mnt/nfs/mydata nfs rw,auto,user 0 0 athlon:/mnt/hda13 /mnt/nfs/big nfs rw,auto,user 0 0 Local /etc/exports file is the following /mnt/cdrom 192.168.100.0/24(ro) localhost(ro) /mnt/hda11 192.168.100.0/24(ro) localhost(ro) /mnt/hda13 192.168.100.0/24(rw) localhost(rw) The services that should be running locally are portmap rpc.mountd rpc.nfsd rpc.lockd 79. A useful system utility is hdparm. To enable DMA for a hard drive: hdparm -d1 /dev/hda To disable DMA for a hard drive: hdparm -d0 /dev/hda To measure transfer rate of a hard drive: hdparm -Tt /dev/hda To see what options are enabled for a hard drive: hdparm /dev/hda To see more info on your drive than you wanted to know: (this will show which UDMA modes are supported/enabled) hdparm -i /dev/hda 80. To use a mobile first of all i must find to which device it is assigned. To do this run tail -f /var/log/messages then connect the mobile and check the messages my mobile was assigned to /dev/ttyUSB0 (on kernel 2.6.8) AT S7=45 S0=0 V1 X4 &c1 E0 ( enable mode 2 settings for sms problem with greek names in phonebook Run kmobiletools as root!!!!!! Check verbose output to console **********************MANDRAKE 10.1 (specific)***************************************** 1.Kernel 2.6.8 didn't work very well (Control Center didn't load etc..) so I switched back to kernel 2.4.27 2.(PROBLEM) The Mandrake Linux DVD could not be mounted neither as a device nor as an iso image file. So I copied the files on the hard disc and use the Mandrake control Center to add the new media as : URL: file://mnt/hda13/Linux_Format_1/media/main ../../media/media_info/hdlist1.cz 3. Kbear is a wonderfull ftp client (gftp is another very good one) 4. From the login window in mandrake I select remote login and connected to pentium!!!!!!!!!!!!! Before that I enabled xdm by executing xdm command! After searching the Internet I found a powerfull Linux based bootable cd that can boot almost every machine as a dummy terminal and connect to xdm, rdp, vnc etc It is called pxes. I downloaded a general iso (that didn't worked though on my pentium 133Mhz 32Mb RAM. But I also downloaded the base and configuration program that creates such isos according to your needs. The one that sets ramdisk to about 14000 worked on the 32Mb 133Mhz pc. Maybe it is because of xfree3 not 4. It can be used also by real dummy terminal that boot over Ethernet To install pxes-base-i586-0.9-1.i386.rpm dhcpserver package must be removed Then install the dependencies install dhcp-3.0pl2-6.16.i386.rpm install pxes base and then pxes config Add an entry in etc/fstab /tmp/pxes.initrd /tmp/pxes ext2 loop,noauto,user,owner 0 0 (Run pxesconfig and from window's advanced options make full screen if not viewed correctly) Here are configurations that worked initialize ram disk,i586, enable iso 9660 generation, disable squashed rdp,xdm (xdm default) xfree 3.3.6, 800x600, 16bits,30-70 H khz 50-100 V hz, uncheck don't zap (it is usefull!) xdm ask, rdp ask 16bit enable login shell (CTRL-ALT-F3) set root password to anything you want After creating an iso and before creating another one umount -a;rm -rf /tmp/pxes*; (to clean up Maybe the ramdisk size if responsible for the out of memory error on 32Mb RAM machine when using it above 20000 it crashed. When at about 14000 it was ok! Maybe if local graphical boot is not selected it uses less RAM For quick tests use the following command to write new isos to cd cdrecord dev=ATAPI:0,1,0 -blank=fast #(blanks a cd fast using device 0,1,0) hdb cdrecord dev=ATAPI:0,1,0 /tmp/pxes-0.9.iso #(burns the iso image using device 0,1,0) hdb 5. gdm is an xdm configurator Be sure to enable xdmcp and remote connections. Run gdmsetup Then run gdm chooser to see if your local machine is listed. use ctrl-alt-F7 to toggle between the 2 local displays wdm is another display manager 6. cdrecord is the program used by all frontends cdrecord dev=ATAPI -scanbus #(scans and finds devices) cdrecord dev=ATAPI:0,1,0 -blank=fast #(blanks a cd fast using device 0,1,0) hdb cdrecord dev=ATAPI:0,1,0 /tmp/pxes-0.9.iso #(burns the iso image using device 0,1,0) hdb mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrom #(manually mounts the media just written) 7) smb4k is graphical frontend for browsing samba networks In mandrake control center there are also server driver configurations for samba,ldap,ftp,dhcp,dns etc LinNeighborhood worked ok as a client for samba. File speed tranfers (reading) on a 100Mbps Ethernet were about 3Mbytes per sec from Win->Linux and vice versa I tried but didn't succeed for the moment in setting write permissions to linux samba server shared directories I wrote to Win2000 through samba at about 2Mbytes per sec. The only thing was that i had permissions to create/delete files but only to create directories in the root shared folder (the others below were deleted) 8) In Mandrake Control Center it's easy to setup quickly apache. Just enable it for local intranet only and make a directory public_html at home. Then by http://athlon/~vagelis/ you can view web content php is also setup and ready to go (along with mysql support) 9) Install mysql administrator to connect and handle mysql. 10) phpmyadmin is a web interface to handle mysql. Unzip the files to a directory that is hosted by apache. Set the following variable to the full url of phpmyadmin $cfgPmaAbsoluteUri = 'http://athlon.net/~vagelis/phpMyAdmin/'; 11) Another administrative tool based on webmin is via https://localhost:10000/ 12) With kprinter you can configure an already installed printer xpp prints files directly.Because of a problem in Mandrake 10.1 I can print only with xpp as root. All files must be converted to pdf first! Sth must be wrong with postscript print 13) For school mandrake problems powering shutting down. * Check your motherboard for APM support * Your kernel is compiled with the APM support and the 'real-mode flag' is enabled * For 2.2 kernels add the "apm=on" flag in the /etc/lilo.conf (for append="" secion) or pass at the boot time * For SMP kernels add the "apm=power-off" also in /etc/lilo.conf or pass at the boot time * For 2.4 kernels, do "insmod apm power_off=1" * Use the appropriate command like poweroff or shutdown -h to shutdown your system. If you use ctr-alt-del on the command line, change the line in /etc/inittab to begin with 'ca:' * If you still can't make it work, try using ACPI instead of APM (only for 2.4 kernels). ACPI does not need any other boot parameters 14. To recompile a kernel, be sure that the sources are installed first. Then as a root cd /usr/src/linux/ To clean-up previous compilations, issue "make mrproper", In console mode, run "make menuconfig", Under X11, run "make xconfig". Configure then all sections of your kernel making each feature you need available constantly or as a module. Note that you should compile most features as a module, as it consume less memory, taking into account that some of them cannot be modules as you may need them at boot time, before dynamic modules be loaded... Then run "make dep" to prepare the source for compilation. 2. Compile it Just issue "make bzImage" to create a compressed kernel image. Also have a "make modules" to compile the modules you configured. Make a backup of your current modules (in case of a problem) and then "make modules_install" (Read Documentation/modules.txt for more information). I made a complete partition backup before make modules_install If make modules fails change /usr/src/linux-2.6.8.1-10mdk/.configure manually to disable module with problem 3. install your new kernel "make install" This will copy your new kernel and system.map to boot dir (/boot/) with correct names including version, and change respective links. It also backup your old files with .old extensions. It finally runs lilo to take into account your new kernel. 4. Modify Lilo to allow your booting on old kernel * This step is optional, although recommended * See lilo.conf man page. Your are encouraged during this step to create a new section in your lilo.conf file, in order to enable you to boot on your both kernels, the old and the new one. You need to run lilo then to take your changes into account. You may also use linuxconf to do all that with a nice GUI. 5. Reboot your machine... And pray. Anyway if something goes wrong, you just need to reboot and choose your old kernel with lilo. Enjoy! Options i checked in Mandrake 10.1 (for kernel 2.6.8.1) Processor type and features - Preemptible Kernel - High Memory Support - 4 GB (in case I increase memory above 1GB) I had problems finding the appropriate kernel that would see usb intracom port, run kylix and finalizing shutdown of the system. The only one that did the first 2 was 2.4.26. Adding insmod apm power_off=1 in lilo arguments wiping acpi=ht powered off the system normally. The only problem is that mouse stoppes responding while usb port scanning by usbview or Mandrake Contol Center hardware scan. 2.6 kernels autodetect and use a universal driver for both serial and usb (2 mouse can work together) that is also more reliable To use is at 2.4 kernels Now I must find a 2.6 suitable kernel since 2.6.8 has some problems. 15. xmame is the linux MAME Go to the roms folder /usr/share/xmame/roms and execute xmame With ctrl-pageup/down alter mame dimensions 16. To use the mandrake control center rpm installer Media Administrator be sure that the disc is mounted. Then for URL use removable://mnt/cdrom/Mandrake9_2/Mandrake/RPMS #(that is the folder with the rpms) and synthesis/hdlist ../base/hdlist1.cz 17. ldap the linux active directory slapd is the daemon. slapd.conf (/usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf) is the config file Prerequisites are berkleys db. To do a standard UNIX build of Berkeley DB, change to the build_unix directory and then enter the following two commands: ../dist/configure make This will build the Berkeley DB library. To install the Berkeley DB library, enter the following command: make install See docs/ref/build_unix/intro.html for details 18 kopete can manage a lot of popular e-mail clients. 19. dvdrip is a dvd ripper. To run it you must have perl locale installed correctly. To do that extract libintl-perl-1.11.tar.gz then run perl Makefile.PL && make && make install 20. To install qtparted ( a partition magic clone) You may have the following error: configure: error: *** uuid library (libuuid) not found Uuid is a library included as a part of e2fsprogs. It's required for parted and QtParted. You have to install e2fsprogs by compiling sources: ./configure --prefix=/usr ; make ; make install ; make install-libs Dependencies are also in rpm packages 21. Install partimage to be able to backup partitions in linux devfs must be mounted Create a devfs entry in /etc/fstab using /dev (or dev2 it is safer. If any problems reboot and comment the line in /etc/fstab): none /dev devfs defaults 0 0 Prior to rebooting, mount devfs on /dev by: mount /dev Then run partimage 21. routing The problem is to route packets from 2 pc that are connected to a server router pc with eth0 and eth1 respectively. Both eth0 and eth1 have same static ips 192.168.100.10 See what route gives 192.168.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 default xdmserver.vagk. 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 The first routing command 192.168.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 supersede the 2nd 192.168.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 So the pc connected to eth1 device (with ip 192.168.100.30) cannot communicate since all 192.168.100.* are directed to eth0 If we delete the 1st command it will work (but the problem will go to the other pc with ip 192.168.100.20) Delete it with route del -net 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0 In suse these commands work to make the server router see both and vice versa but the computers cannot see each other. xdmclient is 192.168.100.20. acer is 192.168.100.30 athlon is 192.168.100.10 xdmclient.vagk. athlon.vagk.loc 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0 acer.vagk.local athlon.vagk.loc 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 To enable them route add -net 192.168.100.20 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 192.168.100.10 dev eth0 route add -net 192.168.100.30 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw 192.168.100.10 dev eth1 Now our table is bash-2.05b# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface pentium.vagk.lo xdmserver.vagk. 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.100.30 xdmserver.vagk. 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 default xdmserver.vagk. 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 It worked after issuing the following commands in this order ifconfig tunl0 192.168.100.30 pointopoint 192.168.100.20 # test with ping from 192.168.100.20 ifconfig tunl0 192.168.100.20 pointopoint 192.168.100.30 # test with ping from 192.168.100.30 ifconfig tunl0 192.168.100.0 pointopoint 192.168.100.0 #test with ping from both After a couple of minutes the connections fail. Is it a kind of arp cache maybe Surely the above is not a solution The solution was to assign 2 diferrent ips to the 2 cards 192.168.100.10 and 192.168.101.10 The client connetced to the 1st card should have 192.168.100.* kind of ip and to the 2nd 192.168.100.* kind bash-2.05b# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 255.255.255.255 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 xdmclient.vagk. athlon.vagk.loc 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.100.30 athlon.vagk.loc 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 default athlon.vagk.loc 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 GNOME SPECIFIC 1. Add to a new panel placed in bottom Internet/Modem lights, Multimedia/Volume Control, Utility/Keyboard Layout switcher Utility/System Monitor Gnome Menu Logout Button Lock Screen Button 2. From bottom panel's properties select right orientation 3. Add to up panel. Utility/Command line 4. From Gnome Menu/DeskTop Preferences/Themes select Crux PROBLEMS THAT NEED TO BE SOLVED Select automatically icons 1. The Graphic Card was not in the database (using PCI vesa driver up to 16bit). This works but in 1024x768 the refresh is proper (85Hz). In 800x600 and 640x480 it is at 60Hz. I must find a way to set it at 800x600 manually because in 1024x768 everything is small. 2. Only problem need to be solved in xine for dvd is the subtitles. 3. Cannot see a volume mounted on InCd file format 5. Problem printing in colour with driver BJC 600 for S200x printer 6. Cannot play midi files. In Control Center/Sound/midi nothing is shown 7. Greek language cannot be set or set back in case of a greek installation (accents are not drawn and programs default code page remain at 8859-1) 8. The Mandrake Linux DVD could not be mounted neither as a device nor as an iso image file BACKUP SETTINGS All backing up must be made to a linux directory to be sure that all the files where backed up 1. Backup root directory 2. Backup vagelis directory 3. Backup etc/ppp directory LINUX GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1.First of all always keep the notes from university lesson "System Programming" P.Stamatopoulos. Also the book Unix Programming Environment (in greek). 2.To see environment variables type set at command prompt 3.To change a system variable you can use a file *.sh like this: MandrakeLinux.txt #!/bin/sh if ! echo ${PATH} |grep -q :/home/vagelis/s1studio_jdk/j2sdk1.4.1/bin ; then PATH="/home/vagelis/s1studio_jdk/j2sdk1.4.1/bin:$PATH" fi The environment variable PATH can be seen at command prompt with : echo $PATH. $PATH must follow the directory where java is, because another java executable might exist that will be seen first instead of the correct one This script can be executed at command prompt. It will create a new sh shell and change PATH there. When finished PATH will retain its original value. 4.The above can be used as a script to execute java programs in Linux. Although another way should be better and more straightforward. The command java -cp <./:classpathdir> , should be added to the script. Note ./ is the current directory which should be specified also To add/change an environment variable login as root then change the file etc/profile (Maybe wrong file). If you add /. to your PATH then you will be able to execute *.sh files from Command Prompt 5. DOS Linux Shmeiwseis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ATTRIB (+-)attr file chmod file entelws diaforetiko BACKUP tar -Mcvf device dir/ to idio CD dirname\ cd dirname/ sxedon h idia syntaksh COPY file1 file2 cp file1 file2 to idio DEL file rm file prosoxh - den yparxei undelete DELTREE dirname rm -R dirname/ to idio DIR ls MandrakeLinux.txt oxi akribws h idia syntaksh DIR file /S find . -name file entelws diaforetiko EDIT file vi file ypopsiazomai oti de 8a sas aresei jstar file moiazei me to edit toy dos EDLIN file ed file ksexaste to FORMAT fdformat, http://www.kde.org, mount, umount arketa diaforetikh syntaksh HELP command man commfile:///mnt/DATA/programscd4/linux/linux-how_to/el/DOS-Win-to-Linux-HOWTO-GR-4.htmland, idia logikh info command MD dirname mkdir dMandrakeLinux.txtirname/ sxedon h idia syntaksh MORE < file less file safws anwtero MOVE file1 file2 mv file1 file2 to idioLink to Application NUL /dev/null to idio/var/adm/messages ? /var/log/messages PRINT file lpr file to idio PRN /dev/lp0, /dev/lp1 to idio RD dirname Link to Applicationrmdir dirname/ sxedon h idia syntaksh REN file1 file2 mv file1 file2 oxi gia pollapla arxeia RESTORE tar -Mxpvf device diaforetikh syntaksh TYPE file less file poly kalytero WIN startx apexei parassagkes! 6. Use TAB in the command prompt to let the shell autocomplete. Use TAB alone to see all the executables (in the directory PATH) CTRL-A sets the cursor to the start and CTRL-E to the END With scroll back pages in console 7. To make a symbolic shortcut $ ln -s 8. When using man or more , to exit type q 9. [123]* wildcard means all thMandrakeLinux.txte files starting from 1,2 or 3 *[I-N1-3] means all the files ending at I, J, K, L, M, N, 1, 2, 3 10. For interactive copy or renaming use -i (or make an alias in the profile file) 11. < uses a file for stdin instead the console, > for stdout 12. To use Konsole as root type su - root . Type exit to end session. 13. To start a process in the background type & at the end of the command 14. To view all process type ps -ax Then to kill one type kill . If any problems in killing type kill -SIGKILL 15. To end a job type CTRL-C. If that doesn't work type CTRL-Z to stop it. Then to send it working in the background type bg <%job> e.g if that was the 1st job type bg 1 . To restore it to foreground type fg 1. To kill it type kill %1 (Be carefull kill 1 kills process with pid 1, while kill %1 kill job 1) 16. ~ is a shortcut for home directory 17. rm -rf deletes a directory with all its contents. rmdir deletes a directory only if it is empty 18. cd - is getting as to the previous directory 19. du shows disk usage . du -- 20. df shows information for mounted filesystems 21. To format a disk type mformat a: after installing the disk. Be carefull that the disk is not in use (light on) 22. ARXEIO SHMEIWSEIS /etc/issue 8etei to mhnyma prin to login /etc/motd 8etei to mhnyma meta to login /etc/profile (cd /source/directory && tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest/directory && tar xvfp -) 8etei thn $PATH kai alles metablhtes, klp. /etc/bashrc 8etei ta aliases, tis leitourgies (functions), klp. /home/your_home/.bashrc 8etei ta proswpika sas aliases kai leitoyrgies /home/your_home/.bash_profile `h /home/your_home/.profile 8etei to periballon kai ksekina ta programmata sas 23. The changes are not applied when auto login is on. I don't know why. Change it from Mandrake Control Center Boot change PATH in .bash_profile as PATH=./:/home/vagelis/s1studio_jdk/j2sdk1.4.1/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin Add also the following as a test alias d='ls -l' # easy to understand what an alias is alias up='cd ..' echo "I remind you that the path is "$PATH echo "Today is `date`" # use the output of the command 'date' Copy it also to /root/.bash_profile (but without the backup operation) 24. Most .rc files contain startup options and are located to the ~ directory 25. To zip all files in a directory type zip ./* To zip a directory and all subdirectories (quietly in the background) type zip -r -q & To unzip a zipped file to a directory (quietly) type unzip -q -d To compress a .Z file to .zip use znew command 26. To quickly copy directories from one place to another type (cd /source/directory && tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest/directory && tar xvfp -) 27. To install an rpm package just double click on it Select Rpm packager as the default installer in order to be able to uninstall also From console type rpm -i package.rpm. To force reinstallation of an already installed package type rpm -i --force 28. At /var/adm/messages and /var/log/messages the kernel outputs its messages 29. uname -a shows information about the system 30 chsh changes shell 31 passwd changes password 32. w shows information about the users 33. cal returns the calendar of the current month 34. The Kernel version can be found by typing uname -r e.g. Mandrake 9.0 kernel is 2.4.19-16mdk 35. To change permissions for a file use chmod. If needed logon as root (su -root) chmod o-r tmpfile chmod u+x tmpfile chmod g=wx tmpfile chmod o=r,u=rwx,g-x tmpfile chmod -R 777 dvd 36. to force find not to search to mounted filesystems execute with -mount option The problem is with Teac CDR when it does not have a cd that blocks Konquerors executed find Find executes differently than all other commands. The flags go to the end 37. To see usage of a command type man or info or --help man can be used from konqueror. type man:/samba from seeing the samba manual. It is html based!!! type man:/ to see all manuals registered!! The same can be done with info!!! 38. To mount hard disk partitions use commands like the following mount -t ntfs /dev/hda7 /mnt/FIREBALL mount -t ntfs /dev/hda8 /mnt/DATA mount -t ntfs /dev/hda2 /mnt/winXP mount -t ntfs /dev/hda1 /mnt/win2000 You can add them to your .bashrc The best way is to edit (as root) the file etc/fstab. A typical fstab file is the following (Mandrake 9.2) ************************************* /dev/hda9 / ext3 defaults 1 1 none /dev/pts devpts mode=0620 0 0 /dev/hda1 /mnt/WIN2000 ntfs ro,umask=0222 0 0 /dev/hda3 /mnt/WINXP ntfs ro,umask=0222 0 0 none /mnt/cdrom supermount dev=/dev/hdb,fs=auto,ro,--,user none /mnt/cdwriter/NEC4x supermount dev=/dev/scd0,fs=auto,exec,ro,--,user,suid,defaults none /mnt/cdwriter/TEAC52x supermount dev=/dev/scd1,fs=auto,exec,ro,--,user,suid,iocharset=iso8859-7 0 0 /dev/hda11 /mnt/data vfat iocharset=iso8859-7,codepage=869,umask=0 0 0 none /mnt/floppy supermount dev=/dev/fd0,fs=auto,--,iocharset=iso8859-7,sync,codepage=869,umask=0 0 0 /dev/hda6 /mnt/mandrake ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda13 /mnt/mydata vfat iocharset=iso8859-7,codepage=869,umask=0 0 0 /dev/hda5 /mnt/redhat ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/hda12 /mnt/temp ntfs ro,umask=0222 0 0 /dev/hda2 /mnt/win98 vfat iocharset=iso8859-7,codepage=869,umask=0 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/hda14 swap swap defaults 0 0 ************************************* This is the file that is edited by MandrakeControl Center/MountPoints with man fstab you can see its options also man mount and man mount 8 Add : /dev/hda8 /mnt/DATA ntfs ro,umask=0222 0 0 The file etc/mtab contains information for already mounted partitions Restart the system so that every user can see the mounted filesystems 39. To mount a device in udf format. From konsole change to root. Then type umount /mnt/cdwriter/TEAC52x mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/cdwriter/TEAC52x After ejecting make sure you unmount Type again umount /mnt/cdwriter/TEAC52x For some reason BTC dvd cannot see the udf. Maybe because cdwriters see the last sesion as a default To mount an iso image use a modified command like the following that mount the isos on RAM feb2004 dvd mount -o loop /mnt/cdrom/linux/fedora/yarrow-i386-disc1.iso /mnt/isos/fedora1 mount -o loop /mnt/cdrom/linux/fedora/yarrow-i386-disc3.iso /mnt/isos/fedora2 mount -o loop /mnt/cdrom/linux/fedora/yarrow-i386-disc3.iso /mnt/isos/fedora3 mount -o loop /mnt/cdrom/linux/mandrake/Mandrake92-cd1-inst.i586.iso /mnt/isos/mandrake1 mount -o loop /mnt/cdrom/linux/mandrake/Mandrake92-cd2-ext.i586.iso /mnt/isos/mandrake2 To ensure that every cd/dvd will be mounted accordingly to its file system (which may not always be iso9660) use auto as filesystem instead of iso9660 40. If a linux partition has changed place in the partition table to continue booting do the following Modify the file /etc/fstab. Modify the file /boot/grub/menu.lst ( this will allow lilo to be used) Modify the file /etc/lilo.conf 41. To find a file with pattern *fg* in a directory starting from root directory use find / -name *fg* -print You can unmount all partitions you don't want to search. e.g. to search only root partition umount -a. Afterwards mount again with mount -a 42. File /etc/passwd contains encrypted passwords