*********Quick setup guides for debian************ 1)The 1st problem in a Debian based linux installation is when you try to initiate sth from the console. It displays the error : cannot connect to X server change the XAUTHORITY in the .bashrc file with the lines below for any user even root after logging in as a user e.g. vagelis from konsole login as root and execute cp ~vagelis/.Xauthority ~/.Xauthority and add to your bashrc file lines # ~/.bashrc export XAUTHORITY=~/.Xauthority 2)To run as root an X application while logged in as another user, run from a terminal the command kdesu 3)To connect to the internet some adjustments must be made to the network card config wizard ip : 81.186.18.29 mask : 255.255.255.0 broadcast : 255.255.255.255 gateway : 194.63.239.248 DNS : 194.63.239.164 194.63.238.4 194.63.239.248 To connect to the local network change only ip : 192.168.100.10 All rest leave the same To use both ip : 192.168.100.10 mask : 255.255.255.0 broadcast : 81.186.18.29 gateway : 194.63.239.248 DNS : 194.63.239.164 194.63.238.4 194.63.239.248 The only problem now is that the ip given by the ISP is dynamic so broadcast address should be changed after connecting. route add default gw 194.63.239.248 ppp0 4)ICS worked !!!!!! Follow the instructions in file MyDocs/Network/ICSsetup.html For Knoppel (Debian) do the following Set DNS servers at /etc/resolv.conf The main problem was IP forwarding Edit the file /etc/network/options with our favorite text editor (Vi, Emacs, etc.) so that a line resembles the following (add it if its not already there) ip_forward=yes Make a backup of the file /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall as rc.firewall.bak Then make a fresh one with below firewall instructions for 2.4 kernel (IPTables): #!/bin/sh # This is first to clear any already existing rules /sbin/iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -F INPUT /sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -F OUTPUT /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -F FORWARD Edit the /etc/rc.d/rc.local file (if it doesn't exist create it) to include the following: /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall /etc/rc.d/rc.local is a file that is usually executed on startup. For a custom one save it at /etc/rc.d and use sysvconfig or ksysv to enable it on startup. Remember to chmod 755 5) For Open Office Excel files: there is a problem with greek fonts Arial, Times. Courier works. To install new fonts use KDE control center/System Administration/Install fonts. Go to the windows/fonts folder and then select the fonts. Install them to truetype/openoffice as an administrator to be able to be used by all users However some documents from old office like word95 cannot be viewed even after that. For such cases rom Option/font replacement enable replacing of arial to HellasArial so that replacement would be done automatically (check both always and monitor). However I must test that in practise because i don't want to mess up existing documents using arial font! The replacement font must be a good one! The true type fonts are not that good. But the afms are excellent. Install to afms folder and replace Arial -> Greek Arial (Times -> Greek Times (or GRTimes)) Install also greek fonts for maximum compatibility! Restart Open office application to see if the problem was fixed. I installed from Windows XP installation Spelling works in greek and in english. From options in spelling check search in all languages. Otherwise it may be confused checking greek in english dictionary. From Tools/Spell check auto spell checker Change also from Tools/Options/Load/Save the default type of document that OpenOffice will save to to the MS ones for compatibility. Otherwise you will be asked everytime. While typing when a word is suggested to fill the remainder press ENTER to aggree If any problems starting open office in knoppel edit the ~/.sversionrc to point to the home .openoffice folder [Versions] OpenOffice.org 1.1.3=file:///home/vagelis/.openoffice/1.1.3 When installing use -net switch to install to /opt so that it can be used by a lot of users Then run openoffice as each user to install the local profile to ~/OpenOffice.org1.1.3 Remove any preexisting folders of openoffice profiles like .openoffice (see .sversionrc) 6) Modem configuration In Kppp just change the modem type to /dev/usb/ttyACM0 If you can't see it it the menu manually add a link to it to /dev/modem as follows rm /dev/modem, # to remove older links ln -s /dev/usb/ttyACM0 /dev/modem Then use /dev/modem in kppp PAP is the protocol select 115200, no wait for dialtone and save password For Intracom isdn modem at the AT commands remove the commands for modem speaker (it doesn;t have) As initialization string use ATJA80JS60B0 to enable one channel but requesting 128 kbps from provider ATB40 to use only one channel 64 kbps ATB0 to use both channels 128 kbps If pppd dies after 2 min then you must change the /etc/ppp/options file 2 line are responsible for that > lcp-echo-interval 30 > lcp-echo-failure 4 Use a simple /etc/ppp/options file like lock noauth noipdefault Delete noauth from pppd arguments 7) From KDE Control Panel/Desktop/Tables/Menu enable last used documents and search, printing system and if you lack space make zero the most used or last used application display 8) From KDE Control Panel/Internet/Browser/Shortcuts select google. It will open from startmenu/search 9) To connect to network pc running Windows and sharing folders do the following. Start LinNeighborhood. Change password and leave the workgroup field blank. Then mount the shared folder. If this doesn't work go to KDE Control Center/Network/Local browsing and change settings. After starting lisa you can browse local shared folders from konqueror lan:// 10) To use Kylix C++ you must first install compat-glibc_6.2-3.1_i386. If you have an rpm package use alien command to generate the deb package then install the deb from kpackager. Add /usr/i386-glibc21-linux/include in the first position at Project->Options->Directories/Conditionals->... (IncludePath) and /usr/i386-glibc21-linux/lib at the lib p0/programslinux/Fonts/ath. Check default to make it a default. Run C++ from command as /usr/local/kylix3/bin/startbcb 11) Printing is done from OpenOffice but with the below problems. I cannot set the default options. They remain US letter each time I open a document. Solution : OpenOffice.org Printer administration. Uncheck font replacements On Canon S200 The printer's head receives ink only right after plugging the printer to the cord. After 3-5 pages it starts printing empty pages as it doesn't retake any ink from the printer and uses the same already received from the first time. I will add a 2nd driver BJC-600 (only greyscale) to see if the printer is better used by it. 12) If any problem occures in xawtv login as root, run it and it will be fixed next time 13) Check out KAppfinder. A program that searches for new installed applications and helps you insert them in the kde-menu. 14) Insert KSysGuard from KPanel Menu. Set 1 sensors only, 2 sec interval dragging it by KSysGuardd left menu. I assigned a shortcut also from KMenu Ctrl-Alt-home to open KSysGuardd If any problems (with the xml file usually) copy it to fix it from another user like cp /home/pepi/.kde/share/apps/ksysguard/KSysGuardApplet.xml /home/vagelis/.kde/share/apps/ksysguard/KSysGuardApplet.xml However try only in a test user the connect command and never delete the default connection shown. I couldn't connect to a remote server nor restore the deleted local connection 15) Insert Kmix from KPanel Menu. Place mouse over there and scroll middle button to turn up/down the volume. To assign shortcuts to the up/down mute volume open the mixer right click on master volume and select shortcuts. 16) Insert Quick Load from KPanel Menu. Then insert small icons for other common-used applications. 17) Antivir is an antivirus for linux Install it as root. /usr/lib/AntiVir/configantivir for configuration License key files should be copied to /usr/lib/AntiVir before running the software. Without a valid license key, it will run in DEMO mode. antivir -lang=EN -s /home/vagelis The most popular open source but with great potentials and very large database antivirus program is clamav. It is mainly targeted on windows viruses that may reside on other partitions of the system. It has a nice front-end klamav To install in debian apt-get install klamav 18) A very useful system services editor is ksysv. It uses kwrite to change batch files that control Linux services. Very powerful! Must be run logged as root. Drag and drop services to various run levels in the precedence ypu want them. Another one that runs on console is sysvconfig. Enabling/Disabling services will make/remove all symlinks to runlevels. However some services may seem to be enabled but have no symlinks to startup runlevels. So to be sure check also with ksysv 19) kwrite more suitable on showing bash batch files. 20) To run a gui application as root while logged in as a user, run the application with kdesu from console. You will be prompted for password 21) A problem may arise with xawtv as a user. Black screen. Run kdesu xawtv and then run again as a typical user 22)In usr/src/linux-2.4.26/Documentation you can find documentation for several aspects of a linux system That is if you have a 2.4.26 kernel else replace it with your kernel 24) You can install open-ssh tools (daemon-client) To use multiple konsole in a remote host use the screen command after you login there with ssh After try CTRL-a-c to create a new screen then with CTRL-a-? all possible commands CTRL-a-0 you move to the first CTRL-a-1 you move to the second CTRL-a-n next screen CTRL-a-p previous screen CTRL-a-d disconnect from screens with login out (screen continues execution) if you connect again with ssh use screen -r to take over from where you left it 25) ********************************************************************************* This is how to execute an X application that will display on the computer you are logged in via ssh Suppose you connect from localpc to remotepc Use command ssh remotepc At first $DISPLAY variable is not set, like it would be if you logged in normally there. So after connecting to remotepc execute export DISPLAY=:0 # or export DISPLAY=remotepc:0 xterm An xterm will popup on the remotepc display Now how can you make this remote executed X application display in your localpc Yes you can! The security mechanism that doesn't allow it at first is xauthority You need to add to the remotepc your current localpc magic cookie number located in ~/.Xauthority In your local pc execute xauth list $DISPLAY It will produce output localhost.localdomain:0 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 6ab86634b717cd5ba682714433887d24 Then login to the remote pc ssh remotepc export DISPLAY=localpc:0 xauth Using authority file /home/vagelis/.Xauthority xauth>add athlonpc:0 . 6ab86634b717cd5ba682714433887d24 xauth>exit Writing authority file /home/vagelis/.Xauthority xterm So now xterm remote executed X application will display locally The magic cookie is security to your localpc. It expires on logout from X session on your local pc. Be sure to close or remote applications before you logout To login in to a normal graphical display remotely to a Windows server running rdp terminal protocol services, install rdesktop (console) or krdc clients (X application) By default WinXp allows only 1 login so you must logout before from your local windows session WinXp server allows 2 logins, unless your purchase microsoft terminal services. apt-get install rdesktop krdc login using rdesktop -f -a 16 athlon. 26) To configure networking you must first see what your kernel configuration is **********SEE check kernel for masq functionality.html in Mydocs/networking**************** To see which kernel you are using tupe uname -a To see which modules are loaded in the kernel presently type /sbin/lsmod 27) To disable an ifconfig driver (e.g. the one for 192.168.100.10) type ifconfig 192.168.100.10 down ----------------->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>><<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<------------------ 28) To use multiple keyboard languages Add in KDE Control Center/ Region /Regional nd Accessibily / Keyboard LAyouts check enable and add the language you want. From xkb options check enable and e.g. both shift keys change grp. (Alt shift dowsn't work for me!). Then from KDE Control Center/ Region /Shortcuts, move down to switch to next keyboard layout and add a second shortcut. Press right shift + Alt to use both shift keys ass the shortcut. 29) To mount dvd,dvdrw,cdrw use the following lines at /etc/fstab /dev/scd0 /mnt/dvdrw iso9660 noauto,users,exec,ro /dev/scd1 /mnt/cdrw iso9660 noauto,users,exec,ro /dev/scd2 /mnt/dvd iso9660 noauto,users,exec,ro 30)When system boots up, init reads the /etc/inittab configuration file. While the system is running, it will re-read it, if sent the HUP signal (from ksysguard or with command kill -l HUP 1 as root this feature makes it unnecessary to boot the system to make changes to the init configuration take effect. See /etc/init.d/README for details The scripts executed at bootup in in numerical/alphabetical order. are in /etc/rcS.d/ directory It must start with Sxxname where xx the number for the order of execution. To start a daemon at bootup create a link to directory /etc/init.d/ ln sshd 31) AT LAST AFTER A VERY LONG TIME I FOUND OUT WHY I COULD ENABLE ICS ON LINUX The reason and the solution was the one below If you are uprading to a >=2.4.21 kernel you may need to rebuild * iptables. * * !!! ipforwarding is now not a part of the iptables initscripts. * Until a more permanent solution is implemented adding the following * to /etc/conf.d/local.start will enable ipforwarding at bootup: * echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding I think that the script that is processed at bootup in knoppel (Debian) is /etc/rc.d/rc.local it must be executable ofcourse Anyway when I executed echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding it just worked that very moment So now I should try enabling it at bootup and then do the same with Mandrake IMPORTANT!!!!! -> TO SEE IF ipforwarding is disabled in kernel check the first number on the 2nd line of /proc/net/snmp It should be 1 if enabled **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Finally the 2 steps I did to set ifconfig, start ssh, and enable ipforwarding were : create an executable script named /etc/rcS.d/S10myinit which contained the following lines #!/bin/bash ifconfig eth0 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 up; echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding; /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall; sshd; Create an executable script named /etc/rc.boot/rc.firewall which contained the following lines # !/bin/sh IPTABLES='iptables' #clear any existing rules $IPTABLES -P INPUT ACCEPT $IPTABLES -F INPUT $IPTABLES -P OUTPUT ACCEPT $IPTABLES -F OUTPUT $IPTABLES -P FORWARD ACCEPT $IPTABLES -F FORWARD # load iptables modules /sbin/modprobe iptable_nat /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack # enable ip forwarding /bin/echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # flush tables $IPTABLES -F $IPTABLES -X # enable masquerading to allow LAN internet access $IPTABLES -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE # forward internal LAN traffic from eth0 to ppp0 internet interface $IPTABLES -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o ppp0 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # block out internet intrusion on ppp0 #$IPTABLES -A INPUT -i ppp0 -m state --state NEW,INVALID -j DROP #$IPTABLES -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -m state --state NEW,INVALID -j DROP **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** 32) route table must be the following Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo cas1.att.sch.gr * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 default cas1.att.sch.gr 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0 1st and 2nd line are invoked by ifconfig eth0 up and ifconfig ppp0 up (with details ofcourse) 3rd and 4th line are invoked by kppp program. To reassign 4th line which was missing after some wrong configurations in Mandrake i executed route del default gw route add default gw 194.63.239.248 ppp0 Then I deleted all configurations and added the script below in /etc/rc.d/rc.local --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #S10myinit ifconfig eth0 192.168.100.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 up; route del default gw pentium; echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding; /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- route del default gw pentium; may not be needed I added it because of such a wrong configuration that I couldn't find where it was set (I could remove it though from netconf/routing/defaults sshd is controled by services in Mandrake Control Center so i didn't add sshd; 33) For ntfs partitions use the following command This will mount as readwrite mount -t captive-ntfs /dev/hda13 /mnt/hda13 /etc/fstab knoppel specific remove comments #Added by knoppel and change noauto to auto, this will mount drives at startup. If auto is specified mount -a and umount -a mounts/unmounts the partition. Since at startup mount -a is executed this prevents mounting devices that are not present (cdroms, usbsticks, floppies) Before removing a usbstick be sure to umount it dvd,dvdrw,cdrw are devices scd0, scd1,scd2 (instead of hdb,hdc,hdd) Here is a valid knoppel /etc/fstab ******************************************************************** # /etc/fstab: filesystem table. # # filesystem mountpoint type options dump pass /dev/hda6 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/fd0 /floppy vfat noauto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 /dev/scd0 /mnt/dvdrw iso9660 noauto,users,exec,ro /dev/scd1 /mnt/cdrw iso9660 noauto,users,exec,ro /dev/scd2 /mnt/dvd iso9660 noauto,users,exec,ro #usb stick /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1 vfat noauto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3 ntfs auto,users,exec,ro,iocharset=iso8859-7,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda10 /mnt/hda10 ntfs auto,users,exec,ro,iocharset=iso8859-7,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda14 /mnt/hda14 ntfs auto,users,exec,ro,iocharset=iso8859-7,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda11 /mnt/hda11 vfat auto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 /dev/cdaudio /cdaudio iso9660 defaults,ro,user,noexec,noauto 0 0 /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1 vfat auto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 vfat auto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 ext3 auto,users,exec 0 0 /dev/hda7 /mnt/hda7 ext3 auto,users,exec 0 0 /dev/hda8 /mnt/hda8 ext3 noauto,users,exec 0 0 /dev/hda9 /mnt/hda9 vfat auto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda12 none swap defaults 0 0 /dev/hda13 /mnt/hda13 vfat auto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda15 /mnt/hda15 vfat auto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 /dev/hda16 /mnt/hda16 vfat auto,users,exec,iocharset=iso8859-7,utf8,umask=000 0 0 ******************************************************************************** To mount fat,fat32 with greek encoding support you must include utf8 along with iso8859-7 34) Run kpackage to add / remove packages from the system. Very useful!!!! 35) debian has a very powerful tool apt-get which download and installs packages automatically. To search for unofficial packages repositories try http://www.apt-get.org/ Try apt-get update apt-get install kdetv Another way is the following : after opening a debian package with kpackage choose configuration/APT-GET/configure. It will automatically download all the needed packages Afterwards you can install successfully You can search with apt-cache search packagename /usr/bin/packagesearch is another tool based on apt you must execute to install apt-get install debtags debtags update apt-get install apt-file apt-get install curl ****************************************** Before using synaptic, you must execute apt-get -f install apt-get update # use the /etc/apt/sources.list of knoppix (see below) #if any disconnection from the internet don't worry! Run them again and they will continue from where they stopped! These 2 commands will fix everything Then enjoy synaptic ******************************************* A fantastic feature is distribution upgrade. You can upgrade to the newest distribution from a 3 year debian distribution or just your own. This ofcourse would download some Gbs of packages. Try apt-get -s dist-upgrade > dist_test_update_.log # -s just simulates kate dist_test_update_.log # to see what would be done Everything downloaded is in /var/cache/apt/archives/ so you can copy them elsewhere afterwards since on reboot they may be deleted (I don't know yet - but most likely they don't) So where does apt-get searches in the internet Edit /etc/apt/sources.list This one is from knoppix. Use it if your debian based distribution's file has problems # Security updates for "stable" deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org testing/updates main contrib non-free # Stable deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian stable main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free # Stable Sources deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian stable main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free # Testing deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian testing main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian-non-US testing/non-US main contrib non-free # Testing Sources deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian testing main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/pub/debian-non-US testing/non-US main contrib non-free # Unstable deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US unstable/non-US main contrib non-free # Unstable Sources deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US unstable/non-US main contrib non-free # Experimental deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian ../project/experimental main contrib non-free # Experimental Sources deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian ../project/experimental main contrib non-free # Java #deb ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/java/linux/debian woody main non-free #deb-src ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/java/linux/debian woody main non-free #deb ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/java/linux/debian unstable main non-free #deb-src ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/java/linux/debian unstable main non-free # More wireless stuff deb http://debian.isg.ee.ethz.ch/public woody madwifi deb-src http://debian.isg.ee.ethz.ch/public woody madwifi # deb http://debian.isg.ee.ethz.ch/public woody airo-mpi # deb-src http://debian.isg.ee.ethz.ch/public woody airo-mpi # deb ftp://ftp.tcweb.org/pub/debian unstable main # deb-src ftp://ftp.tcweb.org/pub/debian unstable main # NX stuff #deb http://www.kalyxo.org/debian/ experimental main #deb http://www.kalyxo.org/debian/ unstable main # ndiswrapper # deb http://rigtorp.se/debian unstable/ # deb-src http://rigtorp.se/debian unstable/ # Blades Repository (pppoeconf & co) # deb http://people.debian.org/~blade/testing ./ # deb-src http://people.debian.org/~blade/testing ./ # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 r3 _Potato_ - Official i386 Binary-1 (20010427)]/ unstable contrib main non-US/contrib non-US/main # Knoppix special packages resource at LinuxTag HQ # deb http://developer.linuxtag.net/knoppix ./ # deb-src http://developer.linuxtag.net/knoppix ./ # deb http://snapshot.debian.net/archive pool gcc # deb-src http://snapshot.debian.net/archive pool gcc You can use local folders also Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian for stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free. deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution. deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free synaptic is a frontend for apt-get. It is just great. You can see the packages installed or available in the internet. Select packages and see a summary of what is going to be installed before you do it!!! You can even cancel a download of a bunch of files (e.g. to install amarok 39 files 30 MB had to be downloaded to my knoppel installation) any time!!! Whenever you want to resume it, it will continue from the file you where the moment you cancelled (e.g I cancelled while downloading the 3rd file. I exited from synaptic. When I executed synaptic again and chose amarok for installation it continued from the 3rd file!!!) However you should avoid cancelling in the middle of a large file since you will have to download the specific file from the beggining when you resume later. If a lot of version are included synaptic chooses the latest non-experimental version. However you may want to cahnge that if other packages require an experimental version of one. Select the package and from package menu force another version. (You can lock a version as well here) If any problems occure (with messages that the correct versions will not be installed retry from console with apt-get) To install packages in /var/cache/apt/archives to another computer just cd into this directory and execute debpkg -i *. It will install everything but may result to conflicts! A better approach though is to keep /var/cache/apt/archives exported from the server /var/cache/apt/archives 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0(ro,no_root_squash,async) Mount from client with 192.168.100.10:/var/cache/apt/archives /var/cache/apt_server_archives nfs defaults 0 0 And when needed copy the files from /var/cache/apt_server_archives to local /var/cache/apt/archives. Synaptic and apt-get will first try using cache and then connect to the internet. I should find a way to do this automatically with boot scripts. (It's not so difficult) ######################TROUBLESHOOTING apt######################################3 apt-get update - Dynamic MMap ran out of room ...and the answer is: Put this in /etc/apt/apt.conf and the problem goes away, if it reappears just increase it APT::Cache-Limit 12582912; Additional tools for apt are apt-move and apt-proxy apt-dupdate, aptconf, auto-apt apt-dupdate experimental for speeding up the update process *************************CHOOSE DISTRIBUTION FROM stable/testing/unstable***************** See a faq in programlinux/debian for that http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/kk288/debian_choosing_distribution.html Knoppix is using mainly testing packages but has repositories for stable/unstable/testing If you want to install an unstable package change temporarily from synaptic/configuration to force unstable ditribution. You may change back then. (I think!) I did that to install approx a proxy server for apt packages that was only available in unstable There is also a howto available as a package file:///usr/share/doc/Debian/apt-howto/apt-howto.en.el.html You can invoke it also by executing apt-howto in command line It is in greek!!!!! Though there are problems in links!! *********************USING A CACHE SERVER FOR A LOCAL NETWORK*************************** In order to be able to download packages on one machine only but using them in all network client machines you must setup an apt caching server. Detailed instructions are included in programslinux/books/debian/apt/caching_server.html taken from http://www.debianuniverse.com/readonline/chapter/19 **********************************Server Setup*********************************** After all setup below you will be able to. Execute apt-get update from any machine (any client or the server) and the last update packages list will be available to all other machines (clients or the server) so that any subsequent apt-get update from any client or the server will get the cached information that were previously fetched and not use the internet connection again!!!!!! Any apt-get install packagename from any machine (any client or the server) will get the package and put it into the servers' cache so that any subsequent apt-get install packagename from any client or the server will get the cached packaged as well !!!!! See below how all this magic happens!! First of all apt-get install apt-cacher You will need apache running Probably the most critical things are to make sure your cache server has a fixed IP address so other computers on your network can find it, and that there is plenty of disk space because the cache itself can become quite large Then just restart Apache by typing /etc/init.d/apache restart Check correct installation by opening in a web browser in your server machine http://localhost/apt-cacher change options in /etc/apt-cacher/apt-cacher.conf Comment the following lines so that the cache won't get cleaned up every day #clean_cache=1 #http_proxy=proxy.example.com:8080 Change the following lines for allowed hosts so that nobody outside can use your bandwidth allowed_hosts=192.168.100.0-192.168.100.255 expire_hours=120 # or more. Maybe this will avoid too much checking on the internet Change /etc/default/apt-cacher in order to start apt-cacher at boot time AUTOSTART=1 /var/cache/apt-cacher/packages has the package lists asked from the client computers and the deb packages also. So if you have packages in /var/cache/apt/archives you can move them to /var/cache/apt-cacher/packages { You can add the following line to /etc/apt/apt.conf if you want to use your /etc/apt/sources.list and get the packages to the apt-cache dir but the best is that the server uses the client sources.list as well!!!!! Dir::State::Lists "/var/cache/apt-cacher/headers"; Dir::Cache::archives "/var/cache/apt-cacher/packages"; also mkdir /var/cache/apt-cacher/packages/partial mkdir /var/cache/apt-cacher/packages/partial ####################################################################################### Be carefull to create an /etc/apt/sources.list.default with the standard sources an /etc/apt/sources.list.client with the client sources all the time Then use a copy from the one you want as sources.list Recommended is to cp /etc/apt/sources.list.client /etc/apt/sources.list You can comment any ftp sources since they cannot be cached ####################################################################################### } When adding a new source to /etc/apt/sources.list add it also with the deb http://cache.example.com/apt-cacher/ in front as mentioned in the client setup in a file like /etc/apt/sources.list.client Then via ftp get it from the clients and copy it as /etc/apt/sources.list and do if the apt-cacher continues to download even if the client has cancelled try disconnecting from the internet and restarting the apt-cacher **********************************Client Setup*********************************** Client machines don't need to have anything installed to use Apt-cacher: they just need to have their list of package sources modified so they send their package requests to the cache server. The list of package sources is stored in a file called '/etc/apt/sources.list'. If you open this file in a text editor such as Vim or Anjuta you'll see a number of lines that look something like this: deb http://ftp.au.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free Each HTTP entry needs to have the address of your cache server prepended, so the example above becomes something like this: deb http://cache.example.com/apt-cacher/ftp.au.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free Once you've done that, do apt-get update to tell your machine to update its package list, and you're set. Any packages you install from then on will come via the cache server. An easy way is to Find http:// Replace with http://athlon/apt-cacher/ Replace with http://cache.example.com/apt-cacher/ # where cache.example com is the name of your server That leaves ftp sources. I' ll see later if this is a problem The files are copied to both the cache server and to the client machine. So if the cache server doesn't delete anything the client machine can delete them from its cache Sometimes the client machine asks and the cacher fetches the file and then responds. The client froze on waiting for headers while the cache server fetched xserver-xfree86_4.3.0.dfsg.1-14_i386.deb which was 5 mb and took 10 minutes The server must complete apt-get update with no problems. Here is a minimal working sources.list Then add one source at a time and execute apt-get update each time. If errors occure in a source then you may have problems. So delete the corresponding files in /var/cache/apt-cacher/packages /var/cache/apt-cacher/headers /var/cache/apt-cacher/private and try again if you think you will succeed this time. Do not leave incomplete files from failed fetches!!!! The clients don't seem to have problems. The server does (maybe a kind of looping problem) # Security updates for "stable" deb http://athlon/apt-cacher/security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free deb http://athlon/apt-cacher/security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib non-free #ntua greek mirror deb http://athlon/apt-cacher/ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ testing main deb-src http://athlon/apt-cacher/ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ testing main deb http://athlon/apt-cacher/ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main deb-src http://athlon/apt-cacher/ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main deb http://athlon/apt-cacher/ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ stable main deb-src http://athlon/apt-cacher/ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ stable main ******************END OF USING A CACHE SERVER FOR A LOCAL NETWORK************************* 35)The kompare program is what i needed to check written cds and dvds. It can compare 2 folders and a lot of other cases 36) KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS. First of all if any problem with the Alt+Shift may arise here is a detour to solve it. From Control Center/Region and Accessibility/Keyboard select as model MS Natural Keyboard Pro. Then from Shortcuts find the last one which is for languages. Insert a 2nd shortcut to the default Alt+Ctrl+K as SHIFT+SHIFT_L (Use Shift and Alt to do it) Then you will be able to switch by pressing Right SHIFT Left SHIFT ALT+CTRL+ESC to kill a window (predefined) CTRL+ALT+BACKSPACE is to log off. Afterwards with CTRL+ALT+DEL and ENTER you should be able to shutdown or restart (in case of emergency e.g. running from a UPS without viewing a monitor) From KMenuEditor you can assign shortcuts to applications. E.g. CTRL+ALT+HOME to KSysGuard Use a new scheme e.g. (myshortcuts) ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGEDOWN to shutdown (predefined - you must enable it first) ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGEUP to restart (predefined - you must enable it first) ALT+ENTER to make window fullscreen From kmix application in the panel assign shortcuts (keyboard button raiseup/down and mute) You must right click on the master volume slide bar, exit and restart kmix 37) Wine is using windows api to run certain windows applications apt-get install wine xwine Run xwine to configure I configured wine from the win98 installation and changed partition2 as drive c:\ in drives and path. The following programs worked * WS_FTP (win2000) * winmine (win98) * Winzip * Notepad 38) The messengers for linux kopete and gmail can be used to login into a lot of messenger accounts (yahho, msn google, irc) like it were one!!!!!!!1 gaim is a client for gnome but integrates on kde nicely for a lot of popular messengers. apt-get install gaim For gmail accounts use protocol jabber screen name (e-mail without the@gmail.com) server gmail.com talk server talk.google.com Try also the kde equivalent kopete install also qca-tls for ssl logins apt-get install kopete qca-tls For gmail accounts use jabberid (e-mail with the@gmail.com) and on connections tab check use ssl, check override default server and insert talk.google.com To insert a buddy use their id with @talk.google.com For yahoo just the id and the password You can also talk in an irc channel (no usernames passwords a nickname would be enough) try srv.irc.gr Make a new channel server Greek IRC Network and add srv.irc.gr. and maybe others like chaos.irc.gr (good for vivodi connections) Then connect and search for a channel with a name (e.g. chat) and probably users (e.g. above 10) logged in (don't leave blank since it will find hundreds) It can use a video camera if it is detected on linux It can use kontacts address book to insert a new buddy 39) Firefox is an attractive web browser based on mozilla. From Options/Tabbed browsing uncheck Hide the tab bar when only one tab is open. Check also Load middle-clicked urls in new tabs!!! The functions of firefox are extended with xpi plugins. Install them directly from Internet or open them from local directories. Some interesting are * flashgot which enables usage of various download managers including d4x and kget * forecastfox which displays weather on the status bar and is highly customizable. On firefox to dispay fonts in a normal readable size on a 15-inch monitor with 800x600 resolution choose custom 60 dpi minimum font 12 pt and normal 14pt ===== Installing java plugin on firefox and mozilla ===== A package exist in debian that will automate the process apt-get install sun-java5-plugin Or else to install java plugin the manual way on mozilla and firefox If Mozilla is installed in this directory: /usr/lib/mozilla-1.4/ and if the JRE is installed at this directory: /usr/java/jre1.5.0 Type at the terminal to go to the browser plug-in directory: cd /usr/lib/mozilla-1.4/plugins Enter the following command to create a symbolic link to the Java Plug-in for the Mozilla browser.e.g. ln -s /usr/java/jre1.5.0_01/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so Start Mozilla browser or restart it if it is already running. Note that if you have other Mozilla components (ie: Messenger, Composer, etc) running, you will need to restart them as well. Go to Edit > Preferences. Under Advanced category > Select Enable Java Use locate to find mozilla-firefox directories locate mozilla-firefox And copy there (.e.g. if it is located in /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox) cp /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/javaplugin_oji.so file /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins To install jsp (java server pages) jacarta do the following apt-get install libervlet2.4-java tomcat5 instead of writing to /etc/sysconfig/iptables add $IPTABLES -A RH-Lokkit-0-50-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8080 --syn -j ACCEPT to your firewall script to enable port 8080 add also to .bashrc file lines JAVA_HOME="/usr/java/j2sdk1.4.1_01/" JAVA_JRE="/usr/java/jre1.5.0_01/" CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat export JAVA_HOME export JRE_HOME export CATALINA_HOME To start/stop tomcat if not in /etc/init.d/ /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh 40) KNemo may pop up out of nowhere in the first kde sessions of a new user. Run in konqueror putting in the address /usr/share/applications/kde/kcm_knemo.desktop or if not there use locate to find it locate kcm_knemo.desktop or in Kde Control Center / Network / monitor You can configure more than one interface (eth0, ppp0, wlan0, ath0, tun0 .. etc). * Check whether to hide or not when the interface is not connected or doesn't exist * Check statistics * Check in the graphics tab to show the incoming and outgoing traffic and select the colors for it * You may want to add a custom command like the enabling/disabling of firewall (if you have such a script). I enabled/disabled openvpn with adding commands /etc/init.d/openvpn start and /etc/init.d/openvpn stop. They will be accessed by right clicking on the icon in the panel add an interface, set a name and check statistics 41) To mount a samba share on startup apt-get install smbfs then add this line on /etc/fstab //athlon/uploads /mnt/samba/athlon/uploads smbfs auto,username=guest,uid=1000,um ask=000,user 0 0 Trying to get to work samba and testing with LinNeighborhood I succesfully managed to connect to Win2000 (both unix/windows have an account vagelis with the same password). On one boot the connection is successfull and on another no success. I don't know if it depends on which computer boots up first, or it must take time. Success was made in both ways. smbd must be running ofcourse From kde 3.2.2 control center i issued the following configurations Base Settings : Workgroup : WORKGROUP NetBios Name : ATHLON Security : User (or share) I added a shared directory (from konqueror/shared) Added linux users to samba users swat is a wonderfull web-based tool for configuring samba swat is run from inetd You need to edit your /etc/inetd.conf and /etc/services to enable SWAT to be launched via inetd. see man swat for details In /etc/inetd.conf you should add a line like this (not needed for Debian since the maintainer scripts do it automatically. You need to uncomment the line, though, because it is added commented out for security reasons): swat stream tcp nowait.400 root /usr/sbin/swat swat /etc/init.d/inetd start # See the section of starting services at startup http://localhost:901 to use it use the sample smb.conf file in linuxdocs/samba I added ACER computer with the commands smbpasswd # to set the root samba password useradd ACER\$ smbpasswd -a -m ACER create a user smbtest, set a password and then add it to samba users with adduser smbtest smbpasswd -a smbtest #Here is the commands to add 26 machines CLIENT01-CLIENT13 and CLIENT01L1-CLIENT13L1 from 2 labs useradd CLIENT01\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT01 useradd CLIENT02\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT02 useradd CLIENT03\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT03 useradd CLIENT04\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT04 useradd CLIENT05\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT05 useradd CLIENT06\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT06 useradd CLIENT07\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT07 useradd CLIENT08\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT08 useradd CLIENT09\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT09 useradd CLIENT10\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT10 useradd CLIENT11\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT11 useradd CLIENT12\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT12 useradd CLIENT13\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT13 useradd CLIENT01L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT01L1 useradd CLIENT02L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT02L1 useradd CLIENT03L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT03L1 useradd CLIENT04L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT04L1 useradd CLIENT05L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT05L1 useradd CLIENT06L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT06L1 useradd CLIENT07L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT07L1 useradd CLIENT08L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT08L1 useradd CLIENT09L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT09L1 useradd CLIENT10L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT10L1 useradd CLIENT11L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT11L1 useradd CLIENT12L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT12L1 useradd CLIENT13L1\$ smbpasswd -a -m CLIENT13L1 Make the directories that will store the profiles,netlogon and drivers mkdir /var/lib/samba/profiles chmod 1775 /var/lib/samba/profiles/ chgrp users /var/lib/samba/profiles/ mkdir /var/lib/samba/netlogon chmod 775 /var/lib/samba/netlogon chgrp users /var/lib/samba/netlogon mkdir /var/lib/samba/drivers chmod 775 /var/lib/samba/drivers chgrp users /var/lib/samba/drivers/ Windows 2000 greek and Windows XP greek had problems sharing the same profile (maybe because of greek character problems) I will try to change οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ to Desktop and οΏ½ οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ οΏ½οΏ½to My Documents and set a template user profile Use the smb.conf file as shown above Create a user named for example template and add it in samba adduser template smbpasswd -a template Login to the client machine as this user and modify his profile as you wish Logout and login as an administrator. Make the C:\Documents and Settings\template folder public access by everyone From the server samba machine locate this shared folder and copy it to your NetLogon directory for example /var/lib/samba/netlogon and rename it to Default User Remove public access from this folder from the client machine Now create a new user. His initial profile would be the onw in //servername/netlogon/ Default User. This works but it isn't tested much yet. If any delays in displaying desktop after lo gin rename the /netlogon/Default User folder to Default User.bak for the period you are not adding new users. #change /etc/defaultdomain to VAGK.LOCAL #Restart the samba server after each change /etc/init.d/samba restart With ksysv add samba to runlevels 3 and 5 nmbd must be started before smbd!! To show all shared dirs smbclient -L localhost -U% #here is the result in my pc Domain=[VAGK.LOCAL] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.13-1.2-SUSE] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- proglinux Disk Network Profiles Service users Disk All users groups Disk All groups print$ Disk Printer Drivers programscd4 Disk linuxdocs Disk MP3 Disk PARTIMAGE Disk profiles Disk s200 Printer Canon S200 .KLAMAV Disk MYSTUFF-PROG Disk IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 3.0.13-1.2-SUSE) ADMIN$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 3.0.13-1.2-SUSE) Domain=[VAGK.LOCAL] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.13-1.2-SUSE] Server Comment --------- ------- ATHLON Samba 3.0.13-1.2-SUSE Workgroup Master --------- ------- VAGK.LOCAL ATHLON To invoke auto-deletion of roaming profile from cache (disk storage), use the Group Policy Editor NTConfig.POL with the appropriate entries. located in the netlogon share root directory. In a client WinXP Pro machine login as administrator, first change workgroup to VAGK.LOCAL ( the name of the domain), reboot to apply changes and then change domain to VAGK.LOCAL. with advanced DNS SUFFIX to the same for the name of the computer as user root add the computer to the domain weird message that multiple users are not allowed is due to same caching of users and passwords that windows do. Close all explorer windows, from swat kill existing connections and try again. Try a non-existing user to see that invalid credentials message appears and then try with root user. Use the smbtest user you have previously created on the samba server To setup quota install quota and acl debian packages. Change /etc/fstab as follows for the partition you want quotas and acl to be installed. If it is the root partition reboot afterwards /dev/hda5 / reiserfs defaults,acl,usrquota,grpquota 0 1 To convert from FAT,FAT32 to ntfs in a windows client execute convert c: /fs:ntfs Then execute edquota -u smbtest #and edit the limits This affects samba obviously at logout of users that exceed their limit but it does not show them profile warnings. repquota -a # shows all user quotas smbcquotas -L //athlon/profiles # the same for samba shares I noticed that the quota set with edquota -u had to have a space reserved for logout that equals the amount that the profile seems to store up when viewing it in the windows client For example smbcquotas -S UQLIM:smbtest:210000000/220000000 //lserver/profiles Password: ASP.LOCAL\smbtest : 98159616/ 209999872/ 219999232 So if you want profiles of about 100MB you must set warning/limit to 210/220 MB at least. To check it login with a user and copy large files to his desktop until he reaches the desired profile. Then start trying with at least twice as much settings for samba! The quotas set are also set to linux filesystem. You can set this to all users with smbcquotas -S FSQLIM:210000000/220000000 //lserver/profiles (In theory, since it didn't work for me) Once one user s quota is set, it can be copied to all users for linux quotas with the edquota -p command. In this example an awk command is used to get users with a UID higher than 1000 from the /etc/passwd file: edquota -p smbtest `awk -F: '{ if ( $3 >1000 ) print $1}' /etc/passwd` You can specify that the quota that user with id 1001 has, will be set to new users in the /etc/adduser.conf file QUOTAUSER="1001" Quotas are specific to a partition. If the user writes in a public samba folder which is stored in the server's same quota-enabled partition where his profile is, he may exceed his quota. So choose a partition without quotas enabled for a public writable by all users folder. To test acl cd /home/samba ls /root >ls.txt ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 64 Dec 8 15:19 ls.txt [root@foobar SAMBA]# getfacl ls.txt # file: ls.txt # owner: root # group: root user::rw- group::r-- other::r-- setfacl -m smbtest:rw ls.txt getfacl ls.txt # file: ls.txt # owner: root # group: root user::rw- user:smbtest:rw- group::r-- mask::rw- other::r-- Perfect ! ACL's work perfectly ;-) smbcquotas -F //192.168.100.10/profiles # test quotas Password: File System QUOTAS: Limits: Default Soft Limit: NO LIMIT Default Hard Limit: NO LIMIT Quota Flags: Quotas Enabled: On Deny Disk: On Log Soft Limit: Off Log Hard Limit: Off smbcquotas -S FSQFLAGS:QUOTA_ENABLED //athlon/profiles Password: NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL cli_set_fs_quota_info Maybe this error has to do with it. To enable profile limit from the client computers login as an administrator then run gpedit.msc From computer settings/administrator templates/System/disk limit change disk limit force, limits and level warnings defaults From user settings / administrator templates/system/user profile change restrict profile size Each user will then be warned for profile exceedings and will not be allowed to log out However this does not exceed 30 MB of space. To exceed this right click on a partition and from its properties enable quota and deny usage to users exceeding their quota. This last configuration will not show the icon in the taskbar or any warnings. It will just deny login / logout to users exceeding their quotas Maybe with samba 4 it could be done from a server basis To map a samba group to a unix group use commands such as net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Admins" unixgroup=ntadmin net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Guests" unixgroup=nobody What must I do to add Domain Users to the Power Users group? The Power Users group is a group that is local to each Windows 200x/XP Professional workstation. You cannot add the Domain Users group to the Power Users group automatically, it must be done on each workstation by logging in as the local workstation administrator and then using the following procedure: 1. Click Start -> Control Panel -> Users and Passwords. 2. Click the Advanced tab. 3. Click the Advanced button. 4. Click Groups. 5. Double click Power Users. This will launch the panel to add users or groups to the local machine Power Uses group. 6. Click the Add button. 7. Select the domain from which the Domain Users group is to be added. 8. Double click the Domain Users group. 9. Click the Ok button. If a logon box is presented during this process please remember to enter the connect as DOMAIN\UserName. i.e., For the domain MIDEARTH and the user root enter MIDEARTH\root. To raise the debug level add the following to the smb.conf file log level = 10 log file = /usr/local/samba/lib/log.%m include = /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.%m -----wiki till here (except for samba specific quotas) ---------- 42) wdm is a display manager. To choose which one will be the default from all display managers installs execute dpkg-reconfigure wdm #or xdm kdm [Xdmcp] Enable=true Willing=/etc/kde3/kdm/Xwilling Port=177 Xaccess=/etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess Xservers=/etc/X11/xdm/Xservers /etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess * #any host can get a login window gdm is far better in this configuration as you can enable it easily from its tool gdmsetup 43) To install cups use the source file. To check the already installed version to avoid conflict type cups-config --version The configuration for the server is in /etc/cups/cupsd.conf Log files are in /var/log/cups (error_log to debug problems) I had a problem. Cups was waiting for about 1 minute to start on system startup. I fixed this by changing ServerName athlon.vagk.local #from ServerName athlon 44) Xnest is a client and a server for xdmcp requests . Use as Supposing you have an xserver running at display :0 use as Xnest -ac -query pentium :1 or to test your own xdmcp server Xnest -ac -query 127.0.0.1 :1 or as root X -ac -query pentium :1 prefer better Xnest 44) Evolution is a nice equivalent to MS outlook. For smtp.mail.yahoo.com use port 587 as smtp.mail.yahoo.com:587 To import e-mails from msoutlook do the following (see MyDocs/outlook_evolution/outlook2evolution.htm) 1) (While in Windows) Install Mozilla. From mozilla select import e-mails from outlook 2) It will put them in a directory like c/Windows/Application Data/Mozilla/Profiles/default/XXXX/Mail/imported.mail/ where /mnt/windows/c/ is your windows partition mount point and XXXX is some collection of numbers and digits ending in .slt. 3) For each mail folder in Outlook, Mozilla will convert each of the mail folders into one mbox file. From Evolution import a single file (automatic type) and select all the files that do not have an extension .msf. To import contacts 1) From outlook with the help of outport or from FMA downloading them from a mobile export them as multiple or single vcf files. 2) from konsole go the directory where the vcf files are and execute cat *.vcf > ../contacts.vcf 3) From Evolution import a single file (automatic type) and select contacts.vcf file To backup data 1) To backup all : Zip ~/.evolution folder to a single file. It contains everything but the e-mail pop,smtp configurations 2) To backup contacts : Select all contacts and then save them all as a .vcf file 3) To backup e-mails : Select all emails and then save them all as kmail file 45) Trying to compile Gnome 2.8 from Linux Format Magazine p.110 for Knoppel 0.5 PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable must be set with export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig Do not build libxml2 from source. It wont work even if it seems to(checkinstall fails also) Install from package libxml2_2.6.16-7_i386.deb be sure to copy libxml-2.0.pc to /usr/lib/pkgconfig/ cp /home/vagelis/tmp/gnome/platform/libxml2-2.6.13/libxml-2.0.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/ To install docbook Go to dependencies folder docbook unzip and go to the extracted folder. Then execute the scripts mentioned in docbook.html file For intltool I think i have to install xml parser by packages perl-base_5.6.1-8.9_i386.deb, libxml-parser-perl For bonobo cp /usr/share/perl/5.8.4/File/Basename.pm /usr/share/perl/5.6.1/File/ or export PERLLIB=/usr/local/lib/perl/5.6.1:/usr/local/share/psr/lib/perl5:/usr/share/perl5:/usr/lib/perl/5.6.1:/usr/share/perl/5.6.1:/usr/local/lib/site_perl:/usr/local/lib/perl/5.8.4/:/usr/lib/perl/5.8.4:/usr/share/perl/5.8.4:. The following may be needed (Try running perl -MCPAN -e shell as root Answer no to autoconfigure and in the cpan prompt type install For gtk+ libtif must be installed. Install from source or from package tiff_3.7.2-1_i386.deb For ggv rm /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so ln -s libgobject-2.0.so.0.600.4 /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so rm /usr/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so ln -s libgmodule-2.0.so.0.600.4 /usr/lib/libmodule-2.0.so rm /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so ln -s /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0.600.4 /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so For gnome-volume manager (problem with dbus, hal .. I have no sources) To run nautilus try export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib 46) To automatically import anniversaries from vcf from kontact ical must be installed Then at calendar add birthdays calendar (click add) pop uses port 110, smtp uses port 25 or (995 for sch) (587 for yahoo) careful to use or not ssl if supported. If it can't connect try plain When creating inbox subfolders check to save as mbox format You can import evolution mbox mails To backup all use the following script tar -cvf mail.tar ~/.Mail gzip mail.tar mv mail.tar.gz /mnt/hda11/MyDocs/outlook_evolution/mail.tar.gz 47) An interesting topic is standard groups on a linux system. To see which files are affected by a group try e.g. for sys umount -a # to search only in root partition #ignore *mnt* if any partition were not unmounted ls -AlR --ignore='*mnt*' / | grep ' sys ' | less To enable a user to print add him in lp group To enable him to start stop the printer add him in sys 48)How do I add my own startup file and get it executed during the boot sequence? Create the file in /etc/init.d/, give executable permissions and run "update-rc.d" with appropriate arguments to create the links from various run levels. How do configure (add or delete) start-up services on debian? Use "rcconf" and unselect or deselect your choices. 49) 1. Alt-SysRq-R (keyboard in raw mode) 2. Alt-SysRq-S (save unsaved data to disk) 3. Alt-SysRq-E (send termination signal) 4. Alt-SysRq-I (send kill signal) 5. Alt-SysRq-U (remount all mounted file systems) 6. Alt-SysRq-B (reboots the system) 50. See /etc/apache2/README for details Configuration file is in /etc/apache2/httpd.conf dont edit apache2.conf Using apt apt-get install apache2 For php apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 For mysql apt-get install php5-mysql You may need also to enable it if it isn't already by apt ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/php4.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php4.load ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/php4.conf /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php4.conf For mysql apt-get install libmysqlclient6 apt-get install mysql-client apt-get install mysql-server To change root password login as root mysql -u root at the "mysql>" prompt, type: mysql> set password = password("yournewpassword"); Next logins should prompt for password mysql -u root -p Add following lines to the /etc/apache2/httpd.conf AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-7 # this didn't work and i hve to add it in apache2.conf To install apache from source with php-support issue the following commands ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-module=so make make install check by command /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -v #make a link to a path dir for httpd ln -s /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd /usr/bin To install php (given that mysql is already installed) run ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql --with-ldap --with-apx2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs make make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini ( I did these with no luck. I remove libphp4.so LoadModule and AddType application/x-httpd-php .php and it worked cp libs/libphp4.so /usr/local/apache2/modules/ # or if not there cp /usr/lib/apache/1.3/libphp4.so /usr/local/apache2/modules/ Add a line to /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule php4_module modules/libphp4.so AddType application/x-httpd-php .php) (or /etuncomment line in apache2.conf) apachectl start # to start the server To enable outside internet browsing make a link as vagelis be careful if index.html is not specified it may result in localhost.localdomain/~vagelis In knoppel public_html per user dirs did not work. To fix this chmod o+x ~ The problem was that kuser creates home folders with 700 permissions Use adduser instead! It reads configuration from /etc/adduser I added public_html folder to /etc/skel and the following index.html to it οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½. οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ οΏ½ οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ οΏ½οΏ½ If you enable NIS and NFS in the clients. The following magic think will be produced. A user (e.g testuser) will modify a webpage (e.g. ~/public_html/index.html) from his client machine and everybody will see the changes in http://servername/~testuser at once !!!!! If the site is also seen from outside in the internet everybody will see the changes. No more tedious ftp for this!!!!! In debian modules are in mods-available directory. Copy them with the .load file as well to mods-enabled directory. e.g. To enable http://localhost/~vagelis etc cp mods-available/userdir.conf mods-enabled/ cp mods-available/userdir.load mods-enabled/ Then add to /etc/apache2/httpd.conf UserDir enabled Add virtual hosts in file /etc/apache2/sites-available/default just before the closing Alias /www "/mnt/hda6/athlon/my_web_sites/www" Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all A symbolic link to this file is in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled Change also line below #RedirectMatch ^/$ /apache2-default/ into RedirectMatch ^/$ /www/ to load virtual directory testsite/ on startup If you have internet access enabled you can move all public stuff to a www folder for example and all private to a local Then instead of Allow from all use for the local folder Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 A very useful aspect of apache is that if you have an index.html.en and index.html.el it will load the one according to the language preferences on your browser. Try it running http://localhost Also index.html.el.iso8859-7 or index.html.el.utf8 may exist and load according to browser settings So you can have a link like Test page and 2 files test.html.en and test.html.el. The one according to the language preferences on your browser will load. So you can have multiple languages transparently to the user. Be sure ofcourse to have a note in your site saying to the users coming in your site to change their browser preferences to use this. Another one is that it can uncompress .gz files transparently. So if you have .html.gz files or txt.gz files you will view them uncompressed. To see this add a directory where .gz files exist like /usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt. Then browse to http://localhost/howto/: Alias /howto "/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt" Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all If any problems with encodings do the following In file /etc/apache2/sites-available/default after add AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-7 Then in a specific directory or alias add a different like AddDefaultCharset utf-8 This will show everything in iso8859-7 except the directory test that will be displayed in utf-8 Suppose you have 2 domain names vagk77.homelinux.com and vagk77.homelinux.net. You have registered both to a dns host (like www.dyndns.com) pointing at the same ip Both point at the same ip address but you want them to be different sites on the same machine. Apache can do that! It will direct to request from a client browser to be served by a different folder in the same machine! You can have aliases too for example vagk77.homedns.org alias to vagk77.homelinux.com vagk77.homelinux.net alias to vagk77.homeip.net See how .. NameVirtualHost *:80 ServerName vagk77.homelinux.com ServerAlias vagk77.homedns.org *.vagk77.homelinux.com DocumentRoot /mnt/hda12/Mystuff-programming/my_web_sites/www Options Indexes IncludesNOEXEC FollowSymLinks allow from all ServerName vagk77.homelinux.net ServerAlias vagk77.homeip.net *.vagk77.homelinux.net DocumentRoot /mnt/hda12/programslinux Options Indexes IncludesNOEXEC FollowSymLinks allow from all **********ssl with apache*********** Install the ssl module apt-get install libapache-mod-ssl libapache-mod-ssl-doc Enable the ssl module automatically a2enmod ssl or manually cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled ln -s ../mods-available/ssl.load ssl.load ln -s ../mods-available/ssl.conf ssl.conf Enable apache2 to listen to 443 port by editing file /etc/apache2/ports.conf and add a virtual host to this port. Add to httpd.conf for example ServerName vagk77.homelinux.net ServerAlias vagk77.homeip.net *.vagk77.homelinux.net DocumentRoot /mnt/hda12/programslinux Options Indexes IncludesNOEXEC FollowSymLinks allow from all SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /root/web_sites/ssl.cert SSLCertificateKeyFile /root/web_sites/ssl.key To enable multiple ssl secured sites you can assign different ports to them. Add for example to ports.conf Listen 3000 Then begin your virtual host in httpd.conf with .... To create the ssl.cert ssl.key see http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/selfcert.htm mkdir -p /root/ca/newcerts /root/ca/private echo '01' > serialno touch mainindex.txt Make a new file named openssl.cnf and add lines like this sample # # OpenSSL configuration file. # # Establish working directory. dir = . [ ca ] default_ca = CA_default [ CA_default ] serial = $dir/serialno database = $dir/mainindex.txt new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts certificate = $dir/cacert.pem private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem default_days = 1000 default_md = md5 preserve = no email_in_dn = no nameopt = default_ca certopt = default_ca policy = policy_match [ policy_match ] countryName = match stateOrProvinceName = optional organizationName = match organizationalUnitName = optional commonName = supplied emailAddress = optional [ req ] default_bits = 1024 # Size of keys default_keyfile = key.pem # name of generated keys default_md = md5 # message digest algorithm string_mask = nombstr # permitted characters distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name [ req_distinguished_name ] # Variable name Prompt string #---------------------- ---------------------------------- 0.organizationName = OrganizationName organizationalUnitName = OrganizationalUnit emailAddress = e-mail Address emailAddress_max = 40 localityName = Locality Name #stateOrProvinceName = countryName = Country(2letter code) countryName_min = 2 countryName_max = 2 commonName = Common Name,IP,or website commonName_max = 64 # Default values for the above, for consistency and less typing. # Variable name Value 0.organizationName_default = Company Name organizationalUnitName_default = WebSite Development emailAddress_default = shop@yourdomain.com localityName_default = Chalkida #stateOrProvinceName_default = countryName_default = GR commonName_default = weballdesign.com [ v3_ca ] basicConstraints = CA:TRUE subjectKeyIdentifier = hash authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer:always [ v3_req ] basicConstraints = CA:FALSE subjectKeyIdentifier = hash distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name req_extensions = v3_req Run the following command openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf To create a new certificate openssl req -new -nodes -out req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf To sign the request we made in the previous step, execute the following and respond to the prompts. openssl ca -out cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles req.pem Copy the certificate and the key to the place you want and rename them cp key.pem private/sitename.key.pem cp cert.pem private/sitename.cert.pem Apache by default needs both combined into one file, so cat key.pem cert.pem > private/sitename.pem To load the combined file change in the above Apache VirtualHost section, commenting SSLCertificateKeyFile SSLCertificateFile /root/web_sites/sitename.pem #SSLCertificateKeyFile /root/web_sites/sitename.cert.pem Restart apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 restart Another way more automated is apt-get install libapache-mod-ssl The nice script in sarge apache2-ssl-certificate for apache2 disappeared in testing/etch so I downloaded from http://packages.debian.org/stable/net/apache2-common apache2-common.deb and extracted apache2-ssl-certificate in /usr/sbin ssleay.cnf in /usr/share/apache2 chmod u+x /usr/sbin/apache2-ssl-certificate mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl /usr/sbin/apache2-ssl-certificate In /etc/apache2/ports.conf add Listen 443 In /etc/apache2/httpd.conf change line (no key file needed) SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem Restart apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 restart For virtualmin to work with ssl go to apache and check in configure modules mod_ssl mod_actions and mod_suexec (strangely virtualmin sees the change though the items seem unchecked if you revisit the config modules page) See here for name-based and ip-based virtual host examples http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/vhosts/examples.html#purename From webmin you can configure apache Just change all apache links to apache2 Use httpd.conf since apache2.conf will be overwitten in updates Write new virtual servers to httpd.conf and not in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default since modules like virtualmin cannot use it and webmin apache which is based on apache 1.3 cannot use them Set the full path to the pid file /var/run/apache2.pid Dont test with apachectrl since it is now apache2ctrl. Test with -D option use command /etc/init.d/apache2 reload to apply changes 51. If boot information is corrupted or missing for any reason (e.g. resizing ext3 partition from partition magic) do the following to fix it. Boot from another linux (e.g. mandrake) Be sure that the partition where lilo is missing is mounted (e.g. on /mnt/hda6) Login as root. Copy /mnt/hda6/etc/lilo.conf as /mnt/hda6/etc/lilo.rescue Make the following changes to /mnt/hda6/etc/lilo.rescue : Comment lines that specify a background bitmap. Change all lines image=/boot/vmlinuz -> image=/mnt/hda6/boot/vmlinuz initrd=/boot/initrd.img -> initrd=/mnt/hda6/boot/initrd.img Execute : lilo -C /mnt/hda6/etc/lilo.rescue If you want to change the linux partition of a linux distribution : Copy the old partition to a file with a partition backup utility (e.g. savepart) Restore the old partition from the backup file to the new partition. Do all previous actions to install lilo boot loader to the new partition Change in file /etc/fstab : The partition that is mounted in root and do any other changes according to the new state of the partition table mkboot creates a bootable floppy dd if=/boot/vmlinuz of=/dev/fd0 bs=8192 # dows the same 52. nx server Knoppel has a ready to run nx server. From knoppel menu/services start nx server or nxsetup-knoppix Then to add an already existing user (e.g. test) execute nxserver --adduser test ssh must be running. Test with ssh -l test localhost To be sure enable all ports with rc.firewall.allow.all script From the client machine use knx or nxclient (no machine client, is preferrable) From Windows try nxclient (download from nomachine site) I also enabled multimedia support Configure compression accordingly (modem, LAN etc) and connect I used fullscreen and changed default image encofing to jpeg with 0 as quality In mplayer this resulted in no smooth display, png worked better I was able to see divx played by mplayer in a LAN (although with occassionally pauses. I moved mouse to unpause. It seems that refreshes don;t happen always if system idle ) I used mplayer * -hardframedrop -cache 8192 -ni #these options helped use fullscreen if problems kaffeine worked great!! dvd worked good in half size though with kaffeine. I couldn't test mplayer cause of a problem of its installation kaffeine has a worderful option of broadcasting to network. It worked well. It also used play / pause although this caused smoothing problems in the server machine. To avoid these just play / pause from the server. 53. xdiskusage is an equivalent to treesize pro. A user-friendly program to show you what is using up all your disk space. To check / partition run it as root to be able to read everything Another very impressive one is filelight. It shows disk usage as a pie A java based even bether one is jdiskreport. Configure jar files to be opened by java -jar to run it. Make a folder /usr/share/java_based and copy it there Then from th desktop select create new link to an application and in the command field use java -jar '/usr/share/java_based/jdiskreport-1.2.2/jdiskreport-1.2.2.jar' in advanced options select execute as root (to be able to view all the files) From File/Preferences/Look&Feel you can change themes! From File/Preferences/Filter exclude /mnt folder when you want to scan root! 54. To integrate image viewing from konqueror install gwenview 55. qps is a process viewer that adds also a tray icon to the taskbar. It displays more info about processes that ksysguard. qps kcpuload is also an applet that displays cpu usage (it is nicer and smaller than ksysguard) 56. kaquarium is a wonderfull kpanel applet that shows fish in a aquarium. Make width size 40 and fish scale 16 57. ktouch is a program to learn blind typing Another better one is tipptrainer. Install also the data for the english lessons. To add greek lessons /usr/share/apps/ktouch 58. If you upgrade kppp it will install as dip group. Just add the users you want to this group with kuser. 59. vdr installation caused changes in group ownership of /dev/video0 to video. Just add the users you want top this group with kuser to be able to watch tv again. In tv time change brightness to 60, contrast to 55, colour to 40 and deintarlace to wave. 60. To install a new kernel image from synaptic download one for 686. Answer yes to all questions. rm /boot/vmlinuz ln -s /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.11-1-686 /boot/vmlinuz # example. Replace vmlinuz-2.6.11-1-686 with your new kernel equivalent rm /boot/initrd.img ln -s /boot/initrd.img-2.6.11-1-686 /boot/initrd.img# example. Replace initrd.img-2.6.11-1-686 with your new kernel equivalent Add also these lines image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.11-1-686 label="Linux(2.6.11)" initrd=/boot/initrd.img-2.6.11-1-686 append="ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=el apm=power-off nomce quiet" read-only #example Replace vmlinuz-2.6.11-1-686 and initrd.img-2.6.11-1-686 with your new kernel equivalent execute lilo Then reboot. Do this frequently as new kernels have also added support for hardware. For example both my ethernet devices were detected with 2.6.11 kernel realtec and motherboard via Both sound systems also, SB 128 and motherboard ac97 add splash=silent to append section to enable boot image or animation! If you have grub enabled it will do the changes automatically. Use a 686 kernel If you installed debian from knoppix run /etc/init.d/knoppix-hd-autoconfig and reboot For 2.4 kernel install corresponding alsa modules grub boot installations on debian support automatic configuration of all of these with apt-get installation of new kernels !! See the /boot/grub/menu.lst file for any options However if you change the menu.lst file problems may arise in installing new kernels. To fix this remove all lines except the commented automatic kernels list Do not add for example default=2 to menu.lst to set default OS to be the 3rd grub entry. Instead use grub-set-default 2 #it writes to /boot/grub/default At any time you can execute update-grub 61. To configure modems use the following command kdesu -- modemlink 62. NIS server. Make sure that nis package is installed in all clients and servers ******************Server configuration*********************** Now edit /var/yp/securenets (you may leave it as is at first to test everything and edit it later - it is for security) and /etc/ypserv.conf. For more information, read the ypserv(8) and ypserv.conf(5) manual pages. We must also change in file /etc/default/nis the following line or else ypserv wont be started # Are we a NIS server and if so what kind (values: false, slave, master) NISSERVER=master To set nis domain name run dpkg-reconfigure nis or directly change /etc/defaultdomain Make sure the portmapper (portmap(8)) is running, and start the server ypserv. The command ypserv rpcinfo -u localhost ypserv Should produce program 100004 version 1 ready and waiting program 100004 version 2 ready and waiting Now generate the NIS (YP) database. On the master, run % /usr/lib/yp/ypinit -m #No error messages should appear. If they do you may have problems with ypcat and ypbind #with the message can't yp_bind: Reason: Domain not bound If you modify the sources for the NIS maps (for example if you create a new user by adding the account to the passwd file), you need to regenerate the NIS maps. This is done by a simple % make -C /var/yp So at startup the following services must be running in the order below portmap ypserv ypbind use sysvconfig or sysv-rc-conf or ksysv and check portmap and nis to 2,3,4,5 runlevels To ensure that portmap is started before nis check /etc/init.d/rcxx.d and change nn if needed the number after Snn in nis and portmap so that portmap's number is lower By default it was 19 to nis and 20 to portmap. I changed portmap to 15 mv /etc/rc2.d/S20portmap /etc/rc2.d/S15portmap mv /etc/rc3.d/S20portmap /etc/rc3.d/S15portmap mv /etc/rc4.d/S20portmap /etc/rc4.d/S15portmap mv /etc/rc5.d/S20portmap /etc/rc5.d/S15portmap If any changes in passwords are not reflected to client logging via nis try /usr/lib/yp/ypinit -m # in server ******************Client configuration*********************** Newer ypbind versions have a configuration file called /etc/yp.conf Change the ypserver line to your server's ip address ypserver 192.168.100.10 Start up "/sbin/portmap" if it is not already running. Create the directory /var/yp if it does not exist. Start up /usr/sbin/ypbind Use the command rpcinfo -p localhost to check if ypbind was able to register its service with the portmapper. The output should look like: program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 2 udp 111 portmapper 100007 2 udp 637 ypbind 100007 2 tcp 639 ypbind You may also run rpcinfo -u localhost ypbind. This command should produce something like: program 100007 version 1 ready and waiting program 100007 version 2 ready and waiting try also dpkg-reconfigure nis to bind to the servers specified in /etc/yp.conf ypcat passwd # Run to verify successful connection ypmatch userid passwd #(where userid is the login name of an arbitrary user) should give #you the user's entry in the NIS passwd file. e.g. ypmatch vagelis passwd After that we must edit nsswitch.conf which tells the system where to search for users groups and other related stuff. Here is a sample that works. Basically the first 3 lines must be changed passwd: files nis group: files nis shadow: files nis hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis If we have problems on automatically mounting roaming /home folder on startup, we can bypass this with creating a new executable file in /etc/init.d cat > /etc/init.d/mount_a.sh mount -a chmod +x /etc/init.d/mount_a.sh Then with ksysv drop it to runlevels 3 and 5 at least with index over 20 (eg. 55) Even if we dont have a start command label it will execute it *******************ADDING NEW USERS TO NIS SERVER************************** If client machines run different version or distribution of linux be carefull that /etc/skel directory contains a sample structure taken from one of client machines and not one from the server.Ofcourse no logins should be allowed from the server so that things won't get mixed up. Or I should try to find a way to choose a different folder that is suitable for them. This is the way. mkdir /etc/skel_mepis # Use a mount command to mount with nfs /etc/skel_mepis from a selected client computer #/home/skel. #You can use a local user there named skel where you can make modifications for new users #via logging in. cp /etc/adduser.conf /etc/adduser.mepis.conf #change in /etc/adduser.mepis.conf line SKEL=/etc/skel to /etc/skel_mepis #Now login to the selected client computer. execute umount /home # so that local user /home/skel dir will appear again adduser --conf /etc/adduser.mepis.conf #then add the user to some initial groups. Check out that these groups both exist on client #and server machine adduser testmepis audio# where testmepis is the new user just added adduser testmepis video# unfortunately one at a time #NIS does not export users and groups with ids greater than 1000. This is configured in #/var/yp/Makefile # MINGID is the lowest gid that will be included in the group maps. #MINUID=1000 #MINGID=1000 #Change above lines in order to use groups or users below 1000 #last remember to apply new user to nis database. Execute on the server make -C /var/yp/ #and remount /home on the client mount /home You can also use /home_local directory for local users to be able to login with local and network users without having to mount /home (for network users) umount /home (for local) 63. Now NFS must be configured to enable roaming profiles See NFS-HOWTO (especially the troubleshooting chapter) ******************Server configuration*********************** There are three main configuration files you will need to edit to set up an NFS server: /etc/exports, /etc/hosts.allow, and /etc/hosts.deny. Strictly speaking, you only need to edit /etc/exports to get NFS to work, but you would be left with an extremely insecure setup. Add the following line to /etc/exports to share home directories for roaming user profiles /home/ 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0(rw,sync) if you wanted to allow access to all the machines with IP addresses between 192.168.0.0 and 192.168.0.255 then you could have the entries: /home 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(rw) Third, you can use wildcards such as *.foo.com or 192.168. instead of hostnames. It is a poor idea to export a FAT or VFAT (i.e., MS-DOS or Windows 95/98) filesystem with NFS. FAT is not designed for use on a multi-user machine, and as a result, operations that depend on permissions will not work well. Moreover, some of the underlying filesystem design is reported to work poorly with NFS's expectations. Install package unionfs-utils and nfs-user-server, nfs-common This will disable nfs-kernel-server (but that's ok) If your distribution does not include them in the startup scripts, then then you should add them, configured to start in the following order: rpc.portmap rpc.mountd, rpc.nfsd rpc.statd, rpc.lockd (if necessary), and rpc.rquotad If you are using a 2.2 or later kernel with the /proc filesystem you can check the latter by reading the file /proc/filesystems and making sure there is a line containing nfs. If not, typing insmod nfs may make it magically appear if NFS has been compiled as a module; otherwise, you will need to build (or download) a kernel that has NFS support built in restart server with /etc/init.d/nfs-common restart /etc/init.d/nfs-user-server restart ******************Client configuration*********************** Add the following line to /etc/fstab 192.168.100.10:/home /home nfs defaults 0 0 Be careful not to login with local /home and logout with mounted. Execute umount /home #before login out and restart 64. crack is a utility to test vulnerabilities in passwords john is another tool like that 65. hwinfo is collecting information about the hardware installed on a system. Among others, libhd contains information about cdrom, zip, floppy, disks and partitions, network card, graphics card, monitor, camera, mouse, sound, pppoe, isdn, modem, printer, scanner, bios, cpu, usb, memory and smp. 66. grubconf is a graphical tool for grub 67. sysvconfig and sysv-rc-conf are system configuration utilities for the startup scripts 68. There are a lot of educational programs available khangman is available in 22 languages. Yet not in greek! klatin is a quiz game that asks you to convert words from latin to english and vice versa It has questions about vocabulary, grammar and verbs kmessedwords asks you to find the word the letters of which where putted in wrong order. You can add greek words as well kverbos is an application specially designed to study Spanish verbforms. ktouch is aimed to teach you blindtyping It provides you with text to train on, and adjust to different levels, depending on how good you are. It can display which key to press next, and the correct finger to use. kturtle is an educational programming environment using the Logo programming language. kwordquiz contains also an ancient greek example ( I downloaded it from http://www.peterandlinda.com/wordquiz/vocabularies.php) It needs teknia greek font. The problem is that the font changes also the english letters. kalzium is a program which shows you the Periodic System of Elements (PSE). You can use Kalzium to search for information about the elements or to learn facts about the PSE. It displays PSE in several ways kstars is a graphical desktop planetarium for KDE. It depicts an accurate simulation of the night sky, including stars, constellations, star clusters, nebulae, galaxies, all planets, the Sun, the Moon, comets and asteroids. You can see the sky as it appears from any location on Earth, on any date KEduca is flash card application, which allows you to make interactive form based tests. KBruch is a small mathematics program to practice calculating with fractions. Different exercises are provided for this purpose. The program checks user's input and gives feedback. Kig is a KDE application for Interactive Geometry. it is basic a draw application. KmPlot is a mathematical function plotter for the KDE Desktop. It is really useful. It can draw at once any given function like 2x, 3*5, cosx, sinx, tanx, x^2, x^2+x-1, both (x=sin(t), y=cos(t)), sum(x)=f(x)+g(x) e^x, logx ... All the predefined functions and constants that KmPlot knows can be shown by selecting Help->Names It can draw a lot of functions in the same window Actions can be even logarithmic You can change the appearance of each function KPercentage is a small math application that will help pupils to improve their skills in calculating percentages. It is fully translated in greek!!! 70. /etc/sudoers file contain the users that are allowed to execute programs that require root priviledges. It contain lines like the following # sudoers file. root ALL=(ALL) ALL knoppix ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL dsl ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL vagelis ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL Be careful with ALL=NOPASSWD. It should be temporary only since with sudo command the user can execute any command he likes. The worst he can execute sudo visudo and remove others the root priviledge Adding a user to sudoer file can be useful for example to allow him install a program with apt-get. Use with caution and only temporarily add to your .bashrc file export VISUAL=/usr/bin/vi #the editor that visudo will use since /etc/sudoers is readonly Then edit /etc/sudoers with visudo # Only root can execute it. 71. A highly configurable ftp server is proftp See http://www.proftpd.org/docs/example-conf.html It can be controled from webmin and gproftpd, and used by virtualmin for automation apt-get install gproftpd Add the group ftp (for virtualmin to work) with addgroup ftp anonftp specialftp To restrict all users only to their home directories and subdirectories under except users in specialftp group add to file /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf DefaultRoot ~ !specialftp Add the specialftp group to the users you want adduser user1 specialftp adduser user2 specialftp Now only user1 and user2 can see the whole filesystem Note that links to other directories won't work. For example if you have linked ln -s /root/www/site/ ~testuser/www he won't be able to cd into that directory You can however restrict him to /root/www/site/ with DefaultRoot ~/www !specialftp *********TroobleShooting********* The following error displayed on proftpd startup IPv6 getaddrinfo 'localhost.localdomain' error: No address associated with hostname Another one was IPv6 getaddrinfo 'localhost.localdomain' error: Name or service not known 72. To decrypt dvd's with lxdvdrip extract to / lxdvdrip.tgz. libdvdcss is the needed package which for legal reasons is not included in usual mirrors VLC's latest packaged version is always in the official Debian unstable branch. However you should still use our apt-get line if you need libdvdcss: deb http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian sid main deb-src http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian sid main For a normal install, do: # apt-get update # apt-get install vlc libdvdcss2 To fully backup a dvd that is already less than 4,7 GB dvdbackup -M -i/dev/dvd -o /mnt/hda16/vagelis/ 73. Nice icon theme sets are apt-get install kde-icons-crystal kde-icons-noia kde-icons-nuvola I prefer crystal From kde control panel /themes/icons/advanced set default effect transparency to desktop icons for example 74. From konsole you can set settings/konsole setting/scheme transparent dark background and set transparency slider to where you like it! An extraordinary use of konsole To make the title be your current work dir Add to your bashrc - and to /root/.bashrc #for konsole to name the session as the current dir export PS1=$PS1"\[\e]30;\H:\w\a\]" Edit the /etc/hosts and add 10.26.137.58 acer # to find it easily Make session like ssh -l vagelis acer (naming it as ssh_acer) Then press the new button in konsole down left corner and keep it pressed to select from all available 75. To install eclipse apt-get remove java-gcj-compat kaffe download the latest version from http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ It is better to select a file like wtp-eclipse-all-in-one.tar.gz the internet and extract to /usr/share tar -xvf wtp-eclipse-all-in-one.tar.gz create a shortcut to desktop and run with /usr/share/eclipse/eclipse dont create links to /usr/bin they dont work!! (no need !!!!!! add to your /root/.bashrc export JAVA_HOME=/usr/share/jdk1.5.0_04/ ) There is an update site for PHPEclipse releases: Name: PHPeclipse Update Site URL: http://phpeclipse.sourceforge.net/update/releases A free zend debugger for php can be found here http://www.zend.com/phpide#debugger See the link below on how to install debugger http://www.plog4u.org/index.php/Using_PHPEclipse_:_Installation_:_Installing_the_DBG_Debugger#Installing_the_DBG_debugger_engine But also with apt apt-get install php4-apd ********************** Sample php Suppose you have set your php script to run on http://localhost/mysites/php/eclipse/testphp/index.php which is on /mnt/hda12/Mystuff-programming/my_web_sites/php/eclipse/testphp/index.php (see apache on how to do that) Switch workspace to /home/vagelis/public_html/eclipse # use an ext3 filesystem and configure apache to load UserDir Make a new php project, right click New php file as index.php Right click again and from properties goto PHP Project Settings and change Localhost to http://localhost/~vagelis/eclipse Now whenever you save the file it will run ********************** For C / C++ apt-get install eclipse-cdt or download and install org.eclipse.cdt-3.1.0-linux.x86 For Web creation from eclipse add http://download.eclipse.org/webtools/updates/ bug 123191: If you check "Filter features included in other features on the list", then even using the 'select required' button may not "find" all the features required. Similar for the 'show only the latest version of the feature'. Workaround: do not check that box! :) * Name: EMF Update Manager Site http://download.eclipse.org/tools/emf/updates/site.xml * Name: UML2 Update Manager Site * URL: http://download.eclipse.org/tools/uml2/updates/site.xml Else download the zipped packages and copy the extracted folders to /usr/share/eclipse directory. To import features from File/Import/Plugin Development select features Go to Preferences/PHPEclipse/PHP/Interpreters and add /usr/bin/php4 Also from Preferences/PHPEclipse/PHP/PHPExternal Tools/ change /apache/php/php to /usr/bin/php4 and set /etc/init.d/apache2, /etc/apache2/httpd.conf, /etc/hosts Go to Preferences/PHPEclipse/Project Default Localhost add http://localhost/~vagelis/eclipse 76. Hardware tools and databases include xserver-xfree86 (or xserver-xorg) xf86config-knoppix,discover, mdetect and read-edid kudzu is a hardware probing tool run at system boot time to determine what hardware has been added or removed from the system. kudzu-knoppix is a knoppix one! 77. Running gvidm will pop up a list of available modes and allows the user to select one if desired. This makes it perfect for running from an application menu or a hotkey, so you don't have to use ram for an applet constantly running. If you are running dual or multi-head displays, it will give you a list of screens so you can select the appropriate one. I added it to kmenu (run kmenuedit) and assigned a keyboard shortcut to it!! 78. To write floppy boot images (ima, img files) to floppies use the following command as root dd if=/boot.img of=/dev/fd0 # where boot.img the image file To write from floppies to files dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/boot.img Ultimate Boot cd is a wonderful tool for system maintenance To add your own images do the following #mount iso image to a directory mkdir /mnt/iso mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop /mnt/hda13/temp/RoundUp/UltimateBootCD/ubcd30-full.iso /mnt/iso #copy the directory to ~user/tmp #copy your images to the images folder (ima, or img) chmod +w boot/menus/custom.scn Edit boot/menus/custom.scn if ($lastKey == key[f1]); then memdisk grub.ima # where grub.ima is your custom image #Execute the following command in the root folder of the directories from the iso. Be sure that this is in a ext3 partition since INSERT is in capitals and fat32 does not keep that mkisofs -N -joliet-long -J -r -o /mnt/hda13/ubcd.iso -b boot/loader.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 . Then write the iso to a cd or dvd To integrate Knoppix to UBCD copy the files of the root folder of KNOPPIX to the root folder of the UBCD Edit boot/menus/main.scn Add print " [F8] KNOPPEL 0.5 " and if ($lastKey == key[f8]); then bcdw boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin 79. Mondo is a complete backup / restore tool. See the documentation in /usr/share/doc/mondo-doc/ 80. For periodic backups use konserve You can have your backups kept if you specify in the wizard a directory instead of a file You can use an ftp destination like this ftp://anonymous@10.82.25.10 If you have an ftp server there accepting anonymous logins it would be allright 81. beagle is a search tool that indexes and searches files in your computer. beagle-settings configures the daemon best is a graphical tool for searching with beagle See http://beagle-project.org/Main_Page Install also kerry a user friendly interface for beagle apt-get install kerry Installing an inotify-enabled kernel (optional but recommended) As of 2.6.13-rc3, it is included in the stable Linux kernel series Enabling Extended Attributes (optional but recommended) Your kernel will need support for extended attributes on the filesystem you are indexing. For Reiser3 and ext2 filesystems, the default kernel config does not enable the attributes. For ext2 filesystems, the kernel option for attributes is CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR. For ext3, it's CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR. For Reiser3, it's REISERFS_FS_XATTR. To set extended attributes, you should add the user_xattr property to the relevant file systems in your /etc/fstab file. For example: /dev/hda3 /home ext3 defaults,user_xattr 1 2 Also note that neither Reiser4 nor NFS support extended attributes, so the sqlite-based fallback will be used by default. You can then remount the affected partitions as follows: # mount -o remount /home The daemon cannot be run with root, it is intended to run from your user account. To start a daemon in the background: beagled A daemon started in the background will log its progress to ~/.beagle/Log. You can also start a daemon in the foreground: beagled --fg --debug This gives you some nice debugging output. You can use beagle-settings , a GUI frontend to the configuration system, to exclude directories (and all of its children) from being indexed. There is also a command line utility called beagle-config which works just as well (use the AddRoot option of the indexing section). In both cases wildcards are allowed. FIRST TIME RUN after configuring with beagle-settings! Do it when not intending to use your pc as it would significantly slow it down and it could take for hours Beagle intentionally keeps its indexing low-priority so that it can adjust to CPU loading, and not adversely effect the user's desktop experience. However, at times (for example when Beagle is freshly installed), you may wish Beagle to index at full speed. (If any problem with crashes just rm -rf ~/.beagle/ to start over.) With beagled running, simply enter: beagle-shutdown export BEAGLE_EXERCISE_THE_DOG=1 beagled --fg --debug beagle-status # C to exit the status utility. Beagle includes a few command-line tools that allow you to see the current status of your indexes. The beagle-index-info tool shows you how many documents have been indexed. The beagle-status tool shows you the current work the daemon is doing, on an ongoing basis. beagle-search is a GTK-based user interface for searching with Beagle. beagle-shutdown Shutdown currently running beagled. This is the recommended way to stop beagled. Optional Software pdfinfo pdfinfo is a program which can extract text and metadata from PDF files. apt-get install xpdf-utils ssindex ssindex is a program which can extract metadata from spreadsheets. apt-get install gnumeric wv1 wv1 (or sometimes just wv) is used to parse Microsoft Word files from synaptic install wv and all the other packages it recommends 82. How to migrate an existing samba configuration with users already having roaming profiles to a new linux server installation. Lets assume that our existing linux installation is in hda5 The ip must be set first and a manual restart afterwards is recommended! cp /mnt/hda5/etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/ ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 # to ensure #ifconfig command should show both lo (as 127.0.0.1) and eth0 cp /mnt/hda5/etc/hostname /etc/ # to set the hostname First of all execute smbpasswd #to set the administrator password and then /etc/init.d/samba start # to start samba #check success in konqueror through smb:/ protocol cp /etc/passwd /etc/passwd.old # create a backup of the old passwd file cp /mnt/hda5/etc/passwd /etc/ # create a backup of the old groups file cp /etc/group /etc/group.old cp /mnt/hda5/etc/group /etc/ #The commands below must be executed in console with no user running X windows !!!!!!! mv /home /home_old # always make a backup for safety cp -R -p /mnt/hda5/home/ / # copy the linux home folders for all the users. cp -R -p /mnt/hda5/home/samba/ /home/samba/ # where /mnt/hda5/home/samba is the samba directory #as specified is smb.conf. It is usually /var/lib/samba. It usually contains all roaming #profiles also. mv /etc/samba/ /etc/samba.old/ #backup old samba config files cp -R /mnt/hda5/etc/samba /etc/ #copy the new ones from the migrating samba configuration If you have backup up in a tar gz archive (do the backup as root to preserve permissions extract as) cd /;tar -xzpvf home.tar.gz # -p to preserve permissions, z to unzip Above procedures worked! In my configurations though, 2 users got their files but could not change desktop or other setting and still could create new files that were written then vback to the server Another user has overwritten the stored profile with a new one. I also tried to change the group permissions of the stored profiles to user. No change! So whatever you do keep a backup of all the profiles in another folder like profiles_old and share it through samba. Keep the permissions. You can always login as root from network neighboorhood and copy - paste old files to the current logged in user. knoppel 0.6 has a problem with lo interface edit /etc/init.d/networking and remove the exclude lo so that lo interface will work! #if ksysv isn't istalled install it via apt #first get the old settings mv /etc/apt/ /etc/apt_old cp -R -p /mnt/hda5/etc/apt/ /etc/ Another option I haven't tried is to copy an existing image from one computer to another and then use one of the knoppix auto-config scripts, like Be sure that the destination partition is equal or bigger than the source. knoppix-autoconfig knoppix-hd-autoconfig knoppix-hd-config /etc/init.d/knoppix-hd-autoconfig for a start. 83. Get mplayer (unstable) from the following source deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org/ sid main deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org/ sid main 84. qemu is an emulator like vmware apt-get install qemu qemuctl qemu-launcher Install also kqemu-modules-(your kernel) apt-get install kqemu-modules-`uname -r` kqemu-source Press ctrl-alt to return to the host OS and use the mouse and keyboard again Execute qemu -cdrom dsl.iso -kernel-kqemu # to execute a live cd This tells QEMU to start up with the DSL CD image as the emulated CD-ROM. And there it is -- a beautiful DSL instance. I decided I also wanted to install DSL to an (emulated) hard drive so I could save settings between boots. To do this, I created a 250MB disk image with command: qemu-img create dsl.img 250M I then booted DSL again and ran the installation process (including writing to the emulated master boot record so I could boot from this emulated hard drive image in the future): qemu -cdrom dsl2.5.iso -boot d dsl.img -kernel-kqemu When the installation was complete, I could boot into my new DSL installation with the command: qemu dsl.img -kernel-kqemu **************TroobleShooting********** If kqemu doesn't load with the following error Could not open '/dev/kqemu' - QEMU acceleration layer not activated fix it before running qemu with mknod /dev/kqemu c 250 0 chmod 666 /dev/kqemu 85. gnome-nettool is a set of network utilities. One of them is able to trace the open ports of a machine if ou give its ip address 86. Setup DNS server 3 files that contain configurations must be written in /etc/bind folder named.conf named.hosts db.cache and db.192.168.100. (if your network zone is 192.168.100.*) Here are same sample configurations ######################## named.conf ############################# // bind9 configuration file for KNOPPIX-Terminalserver acl athlonback { 192.168.100.0/24; }; options { directory "/var/cache/bind"; query-source address * port 53; listen-on { 192.168.100.10;}; forwarders {194.63.239.164; 194.63.238.4;}; # forward first; # allow-recursion {athlonback;}; # additional-from-auth yes; # additional-from-cache no; # rfc2308-type1 no; # cleaning-interval 1; auth-nxdomain no; }; zone "." { type hint; file "/etc/bind/db.cache"; }; zone "localhost" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.local"; }; zone "127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.127"; }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "255.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; zone "vagk.local" { type master; notify no; file "/etc/bind/named.hosts"; }; zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.192.168.100"; }; ######################## named.hosts ############################# ; ; /etc/bind/named.hosts Local hosts at the brewery ; Origin is vbrew.com ; @ IN SOA athlon.vagk.local vagk.local ( 2000012601 ; serial 86400 ; refresh: once per day 3600 ; retry: one hour 3600000 ; expire: 42 days 604800 ; minimum: 1 week ) IN NS vagk.local ; ; loopback address localhost. IN A 127.0.0.1 ; ; IP's 0 & 255 cannot be used - Subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 ;0 IN PTR network.yourdomain.com. ; Network #1 ;Real machines start here (This is for 192.168.0.x) ;10 IN PTR athlon ; Workstation, PC1 ; Virtual Brewery Ethernet athlon IN A 192.168.100.10 xdmserver IN CNAME athlon pentium IN A 192.168.100.20 xdmclient IN CNAME pentium ######################### db.192.168.100 ################################## ; ; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA athlon.vagk.local root.vagk.local. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; IN NS athlon.vagk.local 10 IN PTR athlon.vagk.local. IN PTR xdmserver.vagk.local. 20 IN PTR pentium.vagk.local. 20 IN PTR xdmclient.vagk.local. ############################################################################# apt-get install bind9 #to install bind /etc/init.d/bind9 start # to start it ps -A | grep named # to see if it is running After setting up dns server you have to specify it at /etc/resolv.conf as follows search vagk.local # your domain suffix so that it will be automatically added nameserver 192.168.100.10 nameserver 194.63.239.164 nameserver 194.63.238.4 log messages are in /var/log/syslog. Open with kate. It could be over 100000 lines to see changes use killall named to stop the service if /et/init.d/bind9 stop doesn't stop named To allow queries from specific hosts change your named.conf.options file options { allow-query { 192.168.196.0/24; localhost; };}; zone "linux.bogus" { allow-query { any; };}; zone "196.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { allow-query { any;} ;}; Further, disable recursive queries except from internal/local sources. This reduces the risk of cache poisoning attacks (where false data is fed to your server). options {allow-recursion { 192.168.196.0/24; localhost;};}; or for everyone just listen-on port 53 { any; }; To test your dns open the dns 53 port and check for example from this site http://www.simpledns.com/lookup.aspx ******************BIND FROM WEBMIN******** Setup forwarders from forwarding and zone transfers (For the awmn where the 2 forwarders are not identical, there are problems if they are both used since with a quick timeout of the 1st the 2nd is used. So you better use only the one and place the other in the resolv.conf) Create a reverse zone name e.g. 192.168 Create a master zone name e.g. vagk.local add a record there mypc.vagk.local as 192.168.1.100 Add another record as dlink.vagk.local 192.168.0.50 and check update reverse. The reverse would be updated automatically!! To listen to everyone in addresses and topology ports and addresses to listen to -> listed below, port -> 53 addresses -> any Apply changes Change in /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 127.0.0.1 Change in module config display domains as list 87. Trying to find a video editor for linux Cinelerra debian sources and help install http://www.ftconsult.com/twiki/bin/view/Cinelerra/Debian 88. The following error occured after apt-get dist-upgrade e2fsprogs version 1.39 produced the following error >/dev/hda3: Superblock last mount time is in the future >>>>/dev/hda3: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY even after fsck and reboot still the same Solution cd /var/cache/apt/archives/ dpkg -i e2fslibs_1.38-2_i386.deb # to downgrade to the previous 1.38 version Also kde did not start. I started fluxbox and then from the console startkde and see the errors. A folder /tmp/.ICE-unix/ should have owner root so I executed chown root /tmp/.ICE-unix Then It was OK //however this will be in the broken packages that would be fixed with apt-get -f install 89. To install xtraceroute just do apt-get install xt. Unfortunately it was written in 1999 and it depends on older nslookup versions, so it will not run correctly 90. nmap with its frontend nmapfe is a worderfull tool to scan open ports To ping to a mac address apt-get install arping then for example try arping 00:02:6f:33:b9:ed This are good parameters for nmap From nmapfe default + -P0 e.g. nmap -sS -O -PI -PT -P0 127.0.0.1 91. Trying to work with squid proxy /var/spool/squid is the directory where the swap files are stored in squid.conf change the following line to use another dir cache_dir ufs /mnt/hda7/squid 1000 16 256 # 1000Mb 16 directories in Level1 256 in Level2 Execute the following commands mkdir /mnt/hda8/var/spool/squid chmod 777 /mnt/hda8/var/spool/squid # it should be 755 but I had problems, so I leave it unsecure until I find out what should the owners be squid -z To query from another proxy server cache_peer 10.2.19.3 parent 3128 3130 no_query no-digest and dead_peer_timeout 10000 seconds # a lot To check if it works use manually the above proxy download sth try again the same to see if it gets it from its cache now restart squid set your browser now to use your proxy try again the same to see if it gets it from the peers cache and not the internet To move cache dir to another directory cp -R -p /var/spool/squid /mnt/hda7 # move old to trash restart squid, check that everything is fine and then remove from trash By default, Squid will not give any access to clients and access controls have to modified for this purpose. One has to list out one's own rules to allow the access. Scroll down in the squid.conf and enter the following lines just above the http_access deny all line Search for acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255 and after all acls put your declaration acl mynetwork src 192.168.100.1/255.255.255.0 Then search for INSERT YOUR OWN RULE # INSERT YOUR OWN RULE(S) HERE TO ALLOW ACCESS FROM YOUR CLIENTS # http_access allow mynetwork Also set shutdown_lifetime 5 seconds Use squidview to check out Press T for per user log it start from then on Make sure you quit it first before stopping squid or it may hang squidview makes use of ident2 daemon which shows the users name apt-get install ident2 **************WEBMIN CONFIGURATION******** Instead of squidview checkout sarg apt-get install sarg In webmin/Servers/Squid Analysis Report Generator change in module config the path to sarg file to /etc/squid/sarg.conf **************WEBMIN CONFIGURATION******** for squid3 rm /root/.squidview/log1 ln -s /var/log/squid3/access.log /root/.squidview/log1 Check the cache.log file in your logs directory. This file generates run time error messages that Squid generates. in /var/log/squid are the files access.log, cache.log and store.log Configure your browsers to use the squid proxy in 3128 port (check for http and httpd only noot ftp. It had problems with passwords) If problems on shutdown or reboot move the process from ksysv to K20 in runlevel 0,1 and 6 If a dns server is also setup then you can add an entry like proxyserver and use this to firefox, konqueror, opera As a conclusion squid is a very fast proxy that accelerates a lot overall internet speed. It is useful if you visit often the same pages and is a must in a lan. Especially in a school where you might want all pcs to visit the same page in a course. And most important, It can track changes in a site immediately. I uploaded new content to a page and it reload the page correctly! Too bad I didn't use squid before. If any problems with permissions mkdir /var/spool/squid dpkg-reconfigure squid 92. To install flash plugin in konqueror download from macromedia then 1. Unpackage the file. A directory called install_flash_player_7_linux will be created. 2. Navigate to this directory and from the command line type ./flashplayer-installer to run the installer (Note: this can only be run from the command line). The installer will instruct you to shut down your browser(s). 3. Once the installation is complete, the plug-in will be installed in your Mozilla browser. To verify, launch Mozilla and choose Help > About Plug-ins from the browser menu. 93. After a apt-get dist-upgrade problems occured that were solved gradually 1. During the installation of 800+ packages when it stopped on errors i executed apt-get -f install a couple of times and then again apt-get dist-upgrade 2. For amarok installation errors also on /var/cache/apt/archives/libvisual0.2_0.2.0-4_i386.deb (--unpack): trying to replace`/usr/lib/libvisual.so.0.0.0', also in package libvisual0 I uninstalled libvisual0 (and lives also and reinstalled it) 3. for openoffice.org.java-common installation errors also on /var/cache/apt/archives/bsh_2.0b4-3_all.deb (--unpack): trying to replace `/usr/share/man/man1/bsh.1.gz', which is also in package ash-knoppix I removed ash-knoppix and reinstalled openoffice 4. kdm and kde were not fetched so I installed them afterwards apt-get install kdm apt-get install kde To run kde you must remove the following file rm /tmp/.X0-lock Do a reboot also. 5. Some links created from the upgraded services were not seen in sysvconfig Use ksysv to add remove them 6. kate and konqueror delay a lot to start.(minutes!!) I use kfmclient openProfile filemanagement in the links in my desktop which works Dateimanagement profile was deleted also! I think that after installing again kde-i18n-el greek translations they delay vanished. Maybe configuarations pointed greek and they system could find the files Search for greek in synaptic and install anything you think it is important 7. kiagara wallpaper disappeared 8. A conflict in java version made jdiskreport not to work. I fixed it by rm /usr/bin/java ln -s /usr/share/jdk1.5.0_04/bin/java /usr/bin/java limewire4.9 didn't work After a restart it did For limewire be carefull not to install azureus. azureus will uninstall eclipse and make limewire not to work since it uninstalls some needed libraries. To get over the problem apt-get install eclipse It will uninstall the problematic libraries and install the good ones Instead of azureus use ktorrent 9. java plugin also needed to be configured again for firefox see above (search for java) probably cd /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/ ln -s /usr/share/jdk1.5.0_04/jre/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so . restart firefox 10. Always keep existing config files. I changed the /etc/init.d/networking and it only did restart right not start. Thank god a backup file /etc/init.d/networking.dpkg-old existed and i executed mv /etc/init.d/networking.dpkg-old /etc/init.d/networking 11. ksysv does not quit with the exit button or file quit after changes 12. Install also rosegarden4, tvtime, kdetv 13. problems occured with x11 installation. Tried to create a folder that existed in xserver-s3v packet also (and several other_The solution was to uninstall them from dpkg in the /var/cache/apt/archives directory with command dpkg -r xserver-s3v .. etc 14. initscripts conflicted with sysvinit. I had to use dpkg -i --force-all initscripts.. to install it 94. Using an adsl line the router assigned an address 192.168.1.64 different from the one I had 192.168.101.10 and 192.168.100.10 (2 ethernet cards in my pc) Some services don't work dhcp,nis,dns,squid Since the router has a dns (dynamic I think) and a dhcp server that modifies the resolv.conf I will stop using them from my distribution and use the router services (so that I won't make it complicated for now) 95. kde 3.5 enhancements. In the taskbar in the pager (with the virtual desktops) right click and from pager options select window thumbnails and window icons. 96. kmix config files are located in /home/vagelis/.kde/share/config 97. Trying to install debian parted couldn't list my partitions. Maybe it is because my disk is over 120GB. It is 160GB On other linux distros already installed parted (executing print command) and partprobe gave the following error Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk! Problem was due to an error in the allocated space of the large logical extended partition which was 8MB more than it could. It was corrected in it and then it was OK! grub could not install in the root partition I had to install it in the mbr I used the following repos as an initial update #AWMN MIRRORS # netsailor #deb http://debian.netsailor.awmn/debian/ sid main contrib non-free #deb-src http://debian.netsailor.awmn/debian/ sid main contrib non-free # spirosco deb http://debian.mirrors.spirosco.awmn/debian/ sid main contrib non-free deb-src http://debian.mirrors.spirosco.awmn/debian/ sid main contrib non-free # GREEK INTERNET MIRRORS # ftp.ntua.gr #deb http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main non-free #deb-src http://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/linux/debian/ unstable main non-free #OFFICIAL DEBIAN # unstable #deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free #deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free #VARIOUS #mplayer deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org sid main deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org sid main # The Opera Web Browser Official packages. #deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free #deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ testing non-free deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ unstable non-free #skype deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free Then did apt-get install kde kdm # did not upgrade yet the kernel apt-get install xserver-xorg # no frame buffer for my nvidia 5200 apt-get install xfonts-base xfonts-100dpi xfonts-75dpi apt-get install sysvconfig dnsutils #for nslookup From sysvconfig disable and reenable networking # problem with portmap on shutdown and configuration on boot and also networking is not set at startup though it seems so in sysvconfig I changed /etc/X11/xorg.conf Section "Monitor" Identifier "Generic Monitor" Option "DPMS" HorizSync 28-70 VertRefresh 48-120 EndSection Then after entering kde from settings changed vertical refresh to 85hz apt-get install synaptic apt-get install alsa-base alsamixergui alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui alsa-utils alsa-oss apt-get install k3b k9copy apt-get install mozilla-firefox mozilla apt-get install k3b-i18n kde-i18n-el aspell-el firefox-locale-el mozilla-locale-el myspell-el-gr openoffice.org2-l10n-el apt-get install xfonts-intl-european apt-get install openoffice.org koffice abiword acroread apt-get install tvtime xawtv apt-get install amarok kaffeine xine-ui mplayer w32codecs ffmpeg libdvdcss2 apt-get install nvu bluefish kdevelop kdevelop-doc eclipse sed ruby gdb apt-get install kde-icons-crystal kde-icons-crystalclear kde-icons-nuvola kde-icons-noia apt-get install d4x gftp apt-get install nessus nmap nmapfe guarddog kmyfirewall apt-get install qtparted sysvconfig filelight apt-get install apache2 samba kdenetwork-filesharing apt-get install kernel-image-2.6.686 grubconf apt-get install gnome apt-get install rosegarden grip gimp gimp-print audacity gwenview apt-get remove java-gcj-compat apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin sun-java5-doc sun-java5-fonts sun-java5-source 98. Trying to use Athens Wireless Metropolitan Network together with my adsl outside internet connection My ip for AWMN is 10.2.12.8 my d-link wireless routers ip is 10.2.12.9 I had a hub where I connected both the adsl router and the wireless AWMN router Fortunately my router 2 ips. 192.168.1.254 and 10.0.0.138. I used the second as follows. First I changed the mask on the adsl router to 255.0.0.0 Then I changed /etc/network/interfaces to iface eth1 inet static address 10.2.12.9 netmask 255.0.0.0 gateway 10.0.0.138 /etc/resolv.conf option attempts:1 timeout:2 # after 1 attempt for 2 second it decides that awmn is disconnected and tries the 2nd DNS nameserver 10.2.12.70# AWMN DNS server and Internet required for resolving awmn names #nameserver 10.26.137.1# AWMN alternative DNS server commented nameserver 10.0.0.138 #my adsl router DNS server used when AWMN is not connected or is taking long to reply only for internet names Then executed route commands route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 10.2.12.65 # my gateway to AWMN route add -host 10.2.12.8 gw 10.2.12.8 # my dlink wireless router route add -host 10.0.0.138 gw 10.0.0.138 # my adsl router To use them at startup add them to the start and restart sections of /etc/init.d/networking after echo -n "Configuring network interfaces..." To ensure it is enabled use sysvconfig disable it and reenable it and restart #Problem this should be done on startup So now every ip 10.x.x.x is directed to AWMN and any other ips from my adsl router to the Internet here is route output 10.2.12.8 10.2.12.8 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.0.138 10.0.0.138 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.0.0 gw-home.winner. 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 default 10.0.0.138 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 To access the dsl router 192.168.1.254 will do Problem when disconnecting AWMN. I need to change the nameserver (comment the AWMN one) and execute /etc/init.d/networking restart 99. tora Tora features a schema browser, SQL worksheet, PL/SQL editor & debugger, storage manager, rollback segment monitor, instance manager, and SQL output viewer 100. The TAB key can do command line completion to executables in your $PATH directories after cd and for other commands like "apt-get" there is a file named /etc/bash_completion If you're not using it right now you can load it by typing into your shell . /etc/bash_completion #with the point Add it to your ~/.bashrc file # of root user also 101. webmin is a web-based administration interface for Unix systems. After installation, enter the URL https://localhost:10000/ into your browser and login as root with your root password. install it with all the plugins you need like (If needed uncomment stable sources) apt-get install webmin webmin-core webmin-apache webmin-bind You can always update webmin from webmin configuration!! A new folder for example /usr/share/webmin-1.310 will be created so mv /usr/share/webmin /usr/share/webmin.bak ln -s /usr/share/webmin-1.310 /usr/share/webmin Now apt method of installing modules may conflict since it behind the current internet versions. So from now on install modules from webmin itself To enable remote connections change in file miniserv.conf the following line to just allow= Change the name of the host to be a valid url. It will be shown if http is typed by mistake instead of https host=www.mydomain.com Check some themes from here. http://webadminmodules.sourceforge.net/?page=Themes Suggested : http://www.stress-free.co.nz/documents/theme-stressfree.tar.gz 102. tomboy is a useful application for everyday notes I am searching for a plugin that convert all notes to html recursively 103. skype is a voip client that works perfectly on linux as well as on windows. Add to your sources the lines below or download from www.skype.com #SKYPE deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable For a list of opensource sip software check out here http://www.voip-info.org/wiki-Open+Source+VOIP+Software See twinkle for direct connections using ips apt-get install twinkle See wengo for skype like calls (windows client also available) apt-get install wengophone qtwengophone A lot of sip software was tested, but almost all need a registration server. For direct ip connections see http://www.nch.com.au/talk (not opensource) Install only the 104. If you are behind an http proxy and want to use applications that need http packets to work you can set the environment variable http_proxy https_proxy to make them aware. to do that add below line either to your .bashrc or execute it just before the application on a command shell or in the link just before the executable separating them with a semicolon #change 10.32.50.65 with your proxy #this works with awmn!! export http_proxy="http://10.2.19.1:3128/" export no_proxy=".awmn" You can add them to your .bashrc file Applications that can use it include skype apt-get 105. To enable folder setup for samba and nfs from konqueror apt-get install kdenetwork-filesharing Then right click on a folder and from properties/shared enable advanced sharing and click add 106. To install java and plugins apt-get remove java-gcj-compat apt-get install sun-java5-jdk Then check a java application like jdiskreport or netbeans If there are still problems try rm /usr/bin/java ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun-1.5.0.07/bin/java /usr/bin/java 107. To install nxclient nxnode and nxserver on linux #NXCLIENT #For the client download from nomachine and wget http://64.34.161.181/download/2.0.0/Linux/nxclient_2.0.0-90_i386.deb #install libstdc++2 apt-get install libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2 dpkg -i nxclient_2.0.0-90_i386.deb #NXNODE INSTALL wget http://64.34.161.181/download/2.0.0/Linux/nxnode_2.0.0-93_i386.deb Then dpkg -i nxnode_2.0.0-93_i386.deb #SERVER INSTALL wget http://64.34.161.181/download/2.0.0/Linux/DS/nxserver_2.0.0-69_i386.deb Then dpkg -i nxserver_2.0.0-69_i386.deb Add to your ~/.bash_rc export PATH="$PATH:/usr/NX/bin" nxsetup --setup-nomachine-key --install nxserver --useradd vagelis nxserver --restart Run with nxclient Nomachine nx server has a limit of 2 users though so you will surely want to try freenx instead Uninstall any preexisting nx stuff with apt-get remove everything that starts with nx e.g. apt-get remove nxserver nxviewer nxclient nxlibs nxnode nxproxy nxssh nxagent Cleanup old settings rm -rf /usr/NX Add the following sources deb deb http://www.linux.lk/~anuradha/nx/ ./ Execute apt-get update apt-get install freenx Download a compatible old client for linux from http://free.linux.hp.com/~brett/seveas/freenx/pool/dapper-seveas/freenx/nxclient_1.5.0-141_i386.deb Download a compatible old client for windows from http://astro410.astro.cornell.edu/pub/Main/LabComputers/nxclient-1.5.0-114.exe Install it in a path with no spaces for example in c:\nxclient See http://astro410.astro.cornell.edu/bin/view/Main/LabComputers If these links are broken try searching from google for 1.5 client versions Execute dpkg -i nxclient_1.5.0-141_i386.deb Add the path to your .bashrc export PATH="$PATH:/usr/NX/bin" Setup the server nxsetup --install --setup-nomachine-key nxsetup --adduser manos # this could be avoided Test with Xnest -ac -query 127.0.0.1 :1 or as root X -ac -query pentium :1 To improve performance by reducing load to server over a 100MBit LAN with 10 concurrent users try - using custom image encoding settings and set to plain bitmaps (disable rendering also may help) ) and in disk - disable zlib stream compression - raise the cache size in memory (if you have enough For greek check in the client greek keyboard settings To show last loggons nxsetup --history After some upgrades nx stopped working I tried to reinstall it with nxsetup --install --setup-nomachine-key and got the following errors - Make sure "nx" is one of the AllowUsers in sshd_config. Delete any AllowUsers line - Make sure your sshd allows public key authentication. - Make sure your sshd is really running on port 22. - Make sure your sshd_config AuthorizedKeysFile in sshd_config is set to authorized_keys2. in /etc/ssh/sshd_config modified the following line AuthorizedKeysFile /var/lib/nxserver/home/.ssh/authorized_keys2 108. Run Quake on Linux Debian How-to for nvidia http://home.comcast.net/~andrex/Debian-nVidia/installation.html 1.On my laptop maybe because of the graphics card or memory it couldn't start on windows nor or linux. You should try windows always before attempting a linux installation. I tried debian but maybe because the graphics card was not correctly installed (a generic instead of nvidia) and graphics acceleration also not enabled it couldn't start On the Suse installation however where nvidia was installed and graphics acceleration enabled it worked. Here is how Run as root the quake4-linux-1.0.2147.12.x86.run Then on the /usr/local/games/quake4/q4base copy the files found the dvd /setup/data/q4base or even better on a windows installation. Do not check the anti-piracy program CD-KEY 9TFPTXCGXFMMXXR99DGT Re-run as root the quake4-linux-1.0.2147.12.x86.run Managed to run a server and to connect to the server from a user in the same machine. Now I should try a network The server when run drops to a console. CTRL-C doesn't end it. ctrl-Z and kill would, but I should find a better solution 109. Nvidia drivers installation On debian the kernel modules may need to be build apt-get install gcc apt-get install libc-dev apt-get install nvidia-kernel-source nvidia-kernel-common apt-get install module-assistant nvidia-kernel-common m-a prepare m-a auto-install nvidia apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-settings cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak cp /etc/X11/X /etc/X11/X.bak dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg When asked to choose an X server driver, choose "nvidia". An open-source alternative is the "nv" driver, which has 2D but no 3D capabilities. When asked to select X server modules, deselect (uncheck) GLCore and dri, and select (check) glx. last copy back cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak /etc/X11/Xorg.conf However this may not work. You may also download the general NVIDIA drivers. http://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html Before installation remove any preexisting nvidia packages apt-get remove --purge nvidia-* Logout, switch to a console (ALT-CTRL-F2) and stop the X environment. /etc/init.d/gdm stop Execute the nvidia drivers setup ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-9746-pkg1.run Test with glxinfo glxgears ********************** It didnt work so I had to run modconf find and install nvidiafb and did the below manual change **************************** or manually Edit /etc/X11/XF86Config-4: In the "Module" section, be sure that you have a line Load "glx" and remove or comment out (prepend with a #) any lines that refer to the "dri" or "GLCore" modules. In the "Device" section for your video card, be sure you have a line Driver "nvidia" Ensure that the nvidia module gets inserted into your kernel automatically at boot, by adding it to /etc/modules if it's not already there: grep -q ^nvidia /etc/modules || echo nvidia >> /etc/modules This is the section we are interested Section "Device" Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV34 [GeForce FX 5200]" Driver "nvidia" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" Option "UseFBDev" "true" EndSection lineage2 109. xdmcp is easy with gdm 2.14 Run gdmchooserat remote connect in the list select something other than disabled and from security uncheck deny tcp connections Now run xdmcpchooser from a login of another machine and you are ready 110. workrave is a fun application that prompts to to stop for a break, do exercises periodically. Give it a try 111.grep is a powerfull command usually used in pipelining Some very useful switches -c counts appearances of the pattern for every file searched -l list the name of the files where the pattern was found -n print the line number where it was found -i case insensitive search -r recursive search in subfolders -v reverse search lines that don't include the pattern 112. To install free pascal apt-get install fp-ide 113. An extraordinary tv viewer and grabber is mythtv See the howto http://www.mythtv.org/docs/mythtv-HOWTO.html#toc9 apt-get install mythtv kdesu mythtv-setup set a directory where mythtv records. Be sure to check it occasionally since mythtv writes as you watch name a video source (e.g. antenna) and set europe-east Then go to channel scan and also as root mythbackend mysql < /usr/share/mythtv/sql/mc.sql mysql -u root mythconverg mysql> grant all on mythconverg.* to mythtv@localhost identified by "mythtv"; mysql> flush privileges; For a more secure setup, you can restrict which machines or subnets have access. If you have a complete DNS system operational, you could do the following: $ mysql -u root mythconverg mysql> grant all on mythconverg.* to mythtv@"%.mydomain.com" identified by "mythtv"; mysql> flush privileges; Finally, if you just want to restrict by IP subnet (in this example, the 192.168.1. network): $ mysql -u root mythconverg mysql> grant all on mythconverg.* to mythtv@"192.168.1.%" identified by "mythtv"; mysql> flush privileges; run as a user mythfrontend mythfilldatabase 114. dc_gui is a gtk front-end for the dctc program. dctc handles all communication with dc hubs and clients, while dcgui presents an interface that has many of the features of the original directconnect client, plus some really useful improvements. apt-get install dcgui At the user prefs tab/share enter the folders wou wish to share, using the plus sign. (Write the path dont just browse and select it and careful when you press Ok it inserts them without giving you a sign that it does) Set a virtual directory (I used the same and offset to 1GB) Set also at the user prefs tab/ share your identity At the connect tab connect box insert the dc server e.g. dc.magla.awmn dc.skilla.awmn dc.tompap1.awmn The server is opendchub and a command line client is rccp The DC++ client can be installed as follows 1. Install dependencies. apt-get install libatk1.0-0 libbz2-1.0 libc6 libgcc1 libglade2-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk2.0-0 libpango1.0-0 libstdc++6 libxml2 zlib1g 2. Fetch the package. wget http://newstuff.orcon.net.nz/ubuntu/dcpp/dcpp_0.0.20050809cvs-1~mird_i386.deb 3. Install the package. dpkg -i dcpp_0.0.20050809cvs-1~mird_i386.deb And that's it! There should now be a Linux DC++ icon under Applications -> Internet. To install from the latest cvs do the following cd ~/tmp cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.linuxdcpp.berlios.de:/cvsroot/linuxdcpp login cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.linuxdcpp.berlios.de:/cvsroot/linuxdcpp co linuxdcpp apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgtkmm-2.4-dev libglademm-2.4-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev g++-3.4 libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common g++ libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a libglademm-2.4-1c2a scons cd linuxdcpp scons cd ../ cp -r linuxdcpp /opt ln -s /opt/linuxdcpp/ldcpp /usr/bin/ldcpp Now from console run with ldcpp 115. For tv viewing just check out aatv, a program to watch from console. Don't expect to change channels. It's just for fun! Use another console one ttv which can also change channels Except from xawtv, tvtime, kdetv and mythtv there are also xdtv (is alike xawtv but with a lot of themes) Run xdtv_scantv first overlay will not work in this mode after installing the nvidia driver (with framebuffer) Use grabdisplay instead) for icon a nice is knetwalk If your computer is reasonably modern, you should be able to capture full DVD resolution video with sound in realtime under xdtv. You use a different resolution and frame rate for capture depending upon if you are making a PAL (Europe, Austraila) or NTSC (Asia and US) disc. PAL DVD spec is 720x576 @ 25 frames per second NTSC DVD spec is 720x480 @ 29.97 fps Note that if you want to change the video width to 720 you may have to change the 'W-Modul' value to 16 first, which is located next to the video width setting under the xdtv Record Movie/video parameters menu. 116. adept is a package updater and notifier. I had problem running it with an error in adept_manager that the apt database could not be opened. Also apt-index-watcher was consuming too much cpu so i removed it 117. kftpgrabber is a nice ftp program was a more attractive gui than gftp In preferences tranfers threads setup the number of the threads to download simultanueously from an ftp site In general set encoding to iso-8859-7 and retry delay to 10 sec Favorites can be inserted quickly if they are similar if you use the create a copy option move the copy and change it accordingly Periodically export your favorites as an xml file kasablanca is a another one though with not so many options It seems like it was a project before kftpgrabber 118. *************************** Problems in apt-get update with gpg keys *************************** For keys in www.debian-multimedia when i did gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 1F41B907 gpg --armor --export 1F41B907 | apt-key add . It didn't work Short after I noticed that apt-get update hanged I tried ####################### DONT DO THIS renaming mv /etc/apt/trusted.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.bak mv /etc/apt/secring.gpg /etc/apt/secring.gpg.bak mv /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg.bak apt-key list apt-get install debian-keyring END OF DONT DO (it hang again afterwards ####################### From synaptic all the following and only from there remove totally debian-archive-keyring and then reinstall it apt-get install debian-archive-keyring Then enabled gradually the sources starting from official deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free then the deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org/ sid main deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org/ sid main and last the awmn sources All went well from synaptic I executed from the line and it hanged and then it hanged from synaptic also Round and temporary solution is to comment the awmn repository run apt-get update comment out and rerun apt-get update Something with the DiffIndex maybe? Be patient with the headers from awmn! Maybe the problem is on my poor upload connection!? YES THAT WAS IT!! Anyway I learn the apt-key command and found out about the debian-archive-keyring package! 119. Problems in skype When I hang up my soundcard is not release and even if I close skype and reconnect it says problem with sound. I hear an echo of my voice when talking to another one with linux skype. He talks through a proxy 120. Setting up openvpn between 2 PCs in the awmn network and accessing the internet router of the local subnetwork from the remote other pc We suppose that the local subnetwork has a pc connected to the awmn network with the ip 10.26.137.59 The subnetwork second ip of the pc is 192.168.100.59 (eth0:0) ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.100.59 The router to the internet is assigned a subnetwork ip 192.168.100.138 The remote pc has an ip in the awmn 10.2.12.58 First of all we must setup the openvpn. The link below is discreptive enough so I won't write the details again http://openvpn.net/howto.html We assume that the vpn network is 192.168.99.0/24 so the server would be 192.168.99.1 and the client 192.168.99.6 (I don't know exactly why it starts from there) In the config file of the server (server.conf) we push the routes to the client for the local subnetwork 192.168.100.0/24 Here is the server conf lines proto udp dev tun ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.key # This file should be kept secret dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem server 192.168.99.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0" # to see the internet router 192.168.100.138 push "redirect-gateway" # to set as default gateway the openvpn network keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 Here is the client.conf client dev tun proto udp remote 10.26.137.59 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/client1.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/client1.key comp-lzo verb 3 The openvpn server must then be configured to forward ip packets here is the file $IPTABLES -F FORWARD /sbin/modprobe iptable_nat /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack /bin/echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward $IPTABLES -F $IPTABLES -X $IPTABLES -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE $IPTABLES -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth0 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT That is in sort Test from client with ping 192.168.99.1 # the vpn server ping 192.168.100.138 # the internet server in the vpn local subnetwork ping www.google.com # to check for internet access (problems with the ./vars file etc where the export doesn't work were irrelevent to openvpn and should be solved from the linux environment. The round-up was to copy paste to the console) To disable internet forwarding from the vpn just do /bin/echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward To reenable /bin/echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward Use the /etc/init.d/skeleton file to create the new custom service myrouter See the file in MyDocs/Linux/openvpn Additional nice addons In knemo make a new watch for tun0 named VPN and add new commands with root checked Start VPN /etc/init.d/openvpn start Stop VPN /etc/init.d/openvpn stop Enable Internet /etc/init.d/myrouter start Disable Internet /etc/init.d/myrouter stop 121. The debian policy manual which describes packets, libraries, users, init scripts etc is installed with apt-get install debian-policy and is located in /usr/share/doc/debian-policy/policy.html/index.html An example on which you can base your /etc/init.d scripts is found in /etc/init.d/skeleton. cp /etc/init.d/skeleton /etc/init.d/myrouter Edit the file then enable it in startup with sysvconfig with ksysv check that it is placed after all depending processes 122. Trying to limit outside access bandwidth in an interface apt-get install wondershaper Then run wondershaper tun0 1024 128 this enables downlink speed of 1024kbps and uplink 128kbps wondershaper tun0 clear # this remove all traffic limits #It didn't work for me so I tried a very high value wondershaper tun0 1024 1024 However it takes a short while to enable the limits and on a network that has download variations it may slow it more than the limit it sets In my case tun0 is in a vpn from eth0 so eth0 was influenced as well. For awmn to get back to a good state I had to do a restart to the router I should find a regulator based on ip 123. apt-get install vrrpd If you have multiple servers you can safely disconnect one of them and the next available will take the same ip so the clients wont know the difference Very useful for a lot of services Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol implementation ( site1, site2 ) FIXME: This link died, anybody know where it went? This is purely for redundancy. Two machines with their own IP address and MAC Address together create a third IP Address and MAC Address, which is virtual. Originally intended purely for routers, which need constant MAC addresses, it also works for other servers. The beauty of this approach is the incredibly easy configuration. No kernel compiling or patching required, all userspace. Just run this on all machines participating in a service: # vrrpd -i eth0 -v 50 10.0.0.22 And you are in business! 10.0.0.22 is now carried by one of your servers, probably the first one to run the vrrp daemon. Now disconnect that computer from the network and very rapidly one of the other computers will assume the 10.0.0.22 address, as well as the MAC address. I tried this over here and had it up and running in 1 minute. For some strange reason it decided to drop my default gateway, but the -n flag prevented that. This is a 'live' fail over: 64 bytes from 10.0.0.22: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.22: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.22: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=16.8 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.22: icmp_seq=6 ttl=255 time=1.8 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.0.22: icmp_seq=7 ttl=255 time=1.7 ms Not *one* ping packet was lost! Just after packet 4, I disconnected my P200 from the network, and my 486 took over, which you can see from the higher latency. 124. To enable xdmcp in linux use gdm Enable it from its administrator and install ssh 125. trying to resize the root partition I encountered the following problems. I backed up the partition from partimage Deleted and formatted the partition from 8G to 12G. I restored the partition but when i tried rebooting i got EBDA too big error. It refused to boot. Before that I lost the partition table and recovered from testdisk in hiren's boot cd From the Suse 10 installation dvd, parted couldn't see the partition table at all. From suse 9.3 installation dvd it could see it but as readonly. I selected repair custom and installed the bootloader again. It worked on reboot but still the patition size was 8GB although yast partitioner showed it as 12GB. Last I booted from 9.3 suse installation dvd in rescue mode and issued the command resize2fs /dev/hda6 12G It worked. I rebooted and show the correct size with df Be carefull though cause I don;t know what would happen if I specify a size larger that the correct. Maybe it would corrupt /dev/hda7 partition If this doesn't work try used for on-line ReiserFS resizing. To grow a ReiserFS online, use mount -o remount,resize=NEW_BLOCKCOUNT /mnt 126. ldap install ldap with synaptic Try http(s)://localhost/lam passwd lam and also if you have phpldapadmin in a virtual php folder http://localhost/php/phpldapadmin 127. smarty is a php template generator engine apt-get install smarty smarty-gettext See http://smarty.php.net/manual/en/installing.smarty.basic.html try 128. kate is a very advanced editor. Among other things goto settings/configure kate/highlighting and download now highlighting schemas Check out also the plugins especially the word completion one. It is like in openoffice Check in general show full path in title 129. Opendchub is an open source implementation of the dc hub protocol. Try another server shasta which is in java! 130. hddtemp is a utility that outputs the temperature of your hard disk try hddtemp /dev/hda apt-get install hddtemp try also apt-get install ksensors gkrellm-hddtemp apt-get install sensord read-edid xsensors apt-get install xmbmon mbmon Then run (as root preferred if problems accessing sensors) mbmon displays temperatures and fan speeds collected from your motherboard! Try mbmon -r xmbmon is a frontend to mbmon 131. Trying xgl on debian! See http://www5.autistici.org/debian-xgl// http://sonique54.free.fr/xgl/xgl.htm#news http://www.debian.gr/?q=node/443 and from ubuntu http://knowledge76.com/index.php/XGL/Compiz_Nvidia_32bit#Installing_XGL.2FCompiz http://gentoo-wiki.com/HARDWARE_Video_Card_Support_Under_XGL#Intel_Cards http://wiki.beryl-project.org/wiki/Install_Beryl_on_Debian -I also changed the xorg.conf, (and the gdm conf file which may not be needed) -Install the latest nvidia driver (download from nvidia) by compiling it using the latest sources of the kernel apt-get install linux-source-2.6.18 Do not use the debian packaged driver (always outdated), remove all nvidia debian packages if already installed, and remove also with modconf any enabled nvidia driver modules before installation. -For gnome add beryl-manager in gnome-session. -In kde just start it once and it will remain on tray Debian beryl packages Add this repository Packages are available from debian.beryl-project.org. To enable this repository, add the following two lines to /etc/apt/sources.list: deb http://debian.beryl-project.org/ etch main deb-src http://debian.beryl-project.org/ etch main To avoid warnings about unauthenticated packages, you can import the archive's signing key by running wget -O - http://debian.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg | sudo apt-key add - Then execute apt-get update apt-get install beryl beryl-* apt-get install emerald aquamarine XORG.CONF NVIDIA xorg.conf file: * In section modules #Load "GLcore" #Load "dri" Load "glx" * Add section: Section "Extensions" Option "Composite" "Enable" EndSection * In Section Device: Driver "nvidia" # instead of nv Option "RenderAccel" "true" # render accel is enabled by default Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true" * In section Screen: Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True" DefaultDepth 24 Remove (if present any Section DRI lines #Section "DRI" # Mode 0666 #EndSection * Other options: http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/1.0-9742/README/appendix-d.html ATI xorg.conf file: * In Section Device: Driver "fglrx" * The next thing we need to do is disable Composition in our config file, this is done by adding these lines to the configuration file: Section "Extensions" Option "Composite" "0" EndSection *********Troobleshooting*********** -Some times in startup the default manager is compiz, not beryl (may be because of the many installations I did that weren;t removed completely) -Netbeans shows a blank window (the beryl fix does not correct it). I changed to kwin to use netbeans. Do not change to beryl with netbeans open. My system hangs! -An abnormal exit of beryl can cause the exit of kde or gnome if beryl is autostarted (for example if it was running on previous session and save session option in enabled for kde or gnome) To remove beryl (or in general any application from gnome or kde session) without entering gnome or kde : - for gnome edit the ~/.gnome2/session - for kde edit the ~/.kde/share/config/ksmserverrc and remove the corresponding lines - if glxinfo | grep rendering shows no rendering then check this hack 132. For grub you can use a 2 file configuration. /boot/grub/menu.lst should be installed in the root partition and be maintained by debian automatically on updates to kernels. /boot/grub/menu_mbr.lst should be install to mbr and be altered manually when new OSs are installed To do that make changes to the config file below which assumes 3 primary partitions (6 GB, 2GB, 8GB) of windows installations and 4 Linux logical partitions hda6 hda8 hda9 hda10 with the boot information installed on each root partition accordingly. I keep the configurations of grub to hda10 (although it would be better on its own partition) Do the modifications on this (hda10 to your partition with grub) and run grub grub> configfile (hd0,9)/boot/grub/menu_mbr and select Install GRUB into the hard disk (mbr) That's it! You can always do this if sth corrupts your mbr. Just get into a grub shell from any linux OS installed or live cd or your own floppy created with grub-floppy! So now you are boot-safe!! here is the sample #mbr grub settings #grub --config-file=/boot/grub/menu_mbr.lst /dev/hda default 6 timeout=6 #fallback 1 title WinXP #:1 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other unhide (hd0,0) hide (hd0,1) hide (hd0,2) rootnoverify (hd0,0) chainloader +1 makeactive title Win98 #:1 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other unhide (hd0,1) hide (hd0,0) hide (hd0,2) rootnoverify (hd0,1) chainloader +1 makeactive title WinXPServer #:1 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other unhide (hd0,2) hide (hd0,0) hide (hd0,1) rootnoverify (hd0,2) chainloader +1 makeactive title Suse9 chainloader (hd0,5)+1 savedefault title Kororaa chainloader (hd0,7)+1 title Knoppel 0.6 chainloader (hd0,8)+1 title Debian root (hd0,9) configfile /boot/grub/menu.lst title Install GRUB into the hard disk (mbr) #:2 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other install (hd0,9)/boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0,9)/boot/grub/stage2 p (hd0,9)/boot/grub/menu_mbr.lst title Install GRUB into the hard disk (hda10) #:2 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other install (hd0,9)/boot/grub/stage1 (hd0,9) (hd0,9)/boot/grub/stage2 p (hd0,9)/boot/grub/menu.lst title Install GRUB into the floppy #:2 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other root (hd0,9) setup (fd0) title Change the colors #:2 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other color light-green/brown blink-red/blue title Linux (hda8) #:0 <-- type: 0 => linux, 1 => windows, 2 => other root (hd0,7) kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda8 initrd /boot/initrd.img To set the resolution see the following table Resolution in pixels Color depth | 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 256 (8bit)| 769 771 773 775 32000 (15bit)| 784 787 790 793 65000 (16bit)| 785 788 791 794 16.7 Mill.(24bit)| 786 789 792 795 Most usplash images are in 785 640x480 resolution Now change in /boot/grub/menu.lst the # kopt line like this # kopt=root=/dev/hda10 ro vga=785 To add a splash image in the background of grub install some sample images apt-get install grub-splashimages Now change in /boot/grub/menu.lst the # kopt line like # kopt=root=/dev/hda10 ro vga=788 quiet splash and to commit changes update-grub For a nicer booting procedure apt-get install usplash if it doesn't work (on my notebook it exits with error) bogl_init failed: /dev/fb0 no such file or directory Use modconf and add in kernels/drivers/video vga16fb module If usplash sees any fail it exits to standard console to make it able for you to read it. For example *Setting up general console font.... *t_kernel_font: Invalid argument [fail] (By the way this error is produced from startup script /etc/init.d/console-screen.sh See console-screen and greek section in this file for more information If you don't use utf-8 or any other not so well supported encodings you can do apt-get install kbd to replace this packet with an equivalent one) ********This didn't work for me***************** To create a custom usplash.so file see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/USplashCustomizationHowto copy the .so file for example linuxpowered-splash.so to /usr/lib/usplash/ folder change the /etc/alternatives/usplash-artwork.so link rm /etc/alternatives/usplash-artwork.so ln -s /usr/lib/usplash/linuxpowered-splash.so /etc/alternatives/usplash-artwork.so Then regenerate your initramfs for example dpkg-reconfigure linux-image-2.6.18-3-k7 If any problems comment any extra lines in /boot/grub/menu.lst like timeout=5 and run update-grub ********end of custom usplash.so ***************** Search in http://www.gnome-look.org for usplash for ready .so files (bootsplash needs a bootsplash patched kernel that is indicated afterwards by the existance /proc/splash) 133. Amarok among other stuff has a crossfade option when using the xine engine. Go to playback and choose smooth transition.(i Chose 7 sec). It is used on every change of a song For DJs a wonderful mixer is mixxx apt-get install mix Create Playlists then right click on a file and select player1 or player2 Toogle fullscreen with escape right click on a controller to set it to normal 134. To get a dchp ip do the following edit the /etc/dhcpclient.conf add reject 192.168.1.254 # if you don't want to be configured from this server Then run dhcpclient eth0 135. Trying to write notes in html tutorial or wiki format zim and dokuwiki are very nice applications that can do that apt-get install zim 137. dokuwiki is a php web interface wiki editor See http://wiki.splitbrain.org/wiki%3ADokuWiki You can safely copy paste an existing installation. No database is used. You will only have to set permissions right and clear the data/cache folder, since some images like the toolbar button may not be shown. For basic syntax doku.php?id=wiki:syntax Linebreaks happen as follows This is some text with some linebreaks Note that the two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line or followed by a whitespace \\this happens without it. This is some text with some linebreaks\\ Note that the two backslashes are only recognized at the end of a line\\ or followed by\\ a whitespace \\this happens without it. Do not use apt-get install dokuwiki Use the general linux options for maximum compatibility. wikis are stored in plain txt so they are compatible to plain editors! Dokuwiki has php interface so I may use it as follows. Copy everything to an internet host that supports php. I must see then how to implement security when I don't want everyone to change my wiki. Then from wherever i am if i have internet connection I can add my new notes!!! Since I don't have an ssh or telnet session to the web host I can use konqueror with ftp and check all permissions to dir dokuwiki and subfolders. This is not so secure but it will do. ( A problem occured with login though) Dokuwiki has builtin search! In file conf/acronyms.conf there is a list of acronyms and what they mean. Any acronym in here when found in the wiki will have a question mark and a tooltip with its explanation To create submenus use namespaces e.g. * [[linux_quick_guides:en | Linux Quick Guides in english]] * [[linux_quick_guides:el | Linux Quick Guides (οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ οΏ½οΏ½Linux) οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½]] will create 2 files en el on linux_quick_guides folder To format konsole commands and sections of files in a box just precede the line with 2 spaces ( I think these are monospace font which didn't work in greek for me, so write comments in english) For internal links in the same file use for example [[#openoffice | OpenOffice]] A H1 OpenOffice must exist Footnotes are nice and exported also in the pdf but if the wiki is multiple pages it will appear on the last. So if you intend to use it Make a last H1 section of Appendix and οΏ½ Notes as the last appendix so that everything will go there (c) for copyright InterWiki Links The original idea of InterWiki was to have one large distributed Wiki over the whole net. Today its more of an easy way to link from one wiki to another by having some simple link syntax to do so. In DokuWiki this is done by prefixing Wiki pagenames with a shortcut separated by a > character. Examples: [[wp>Wiki]] links to Wikipedia, [[Meatball>TourBusStop]] links to the MeatBall wiki TourBusStop, [[google>Wiki]] links to a google search. You can upload images as well. It you have multilanguage only upload in the default language folder I chose images for headings and decided 400x300 H1 240x180 H2 150x100 H3 Problems occured with !// the // is a sign for br but with ! it may be something else For the same reason do not use http:// in hyperlinks, just start with www.... Problems occured also with "" quotes so use instead '' To be able to export the images to pdf as well Insert this to inc/common.php after $text = preg_replace("']*?>'si", '', $text ); $text = preg_replace("''si","", $text); # for uploaded images $text = preg_replace("''si","", $text); # for built-in images, smileys for example $text = preg_replace("'href=\"/(.*?)>'si","href=\"http://" . $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] . "/\\1\">", $text); # for internal links Deleting Pagenames If you edit a pagename and remove all its content then DokuWiki will delete the pagename. To show a page that has submenus click on show page after clicking on it. However you cannot click on a submenu page and then show page and go to it. You have to go from the page in level one links I have to change the store directory from /var/lib/dokuwiki/data/pages to custom Settings are in /etc/dokuwiki/dokuwiki.php See http://wiki.splitbrain.org/wiki:config for information Check them with Put every change in local.php.dist. This way it won't be ovewritten by upgrades http://127.0.0.1/dokuwiki/doku.php?do=check Set $conf['start'] = 'AllWikis'; //name of start page $conf['youarehere'] = 1; //show "You are here" navigation?0|1 $conf['breadcrumbs'] = 0; // how many recent visited pages to show $conf['sitemap'] = 1; //Create a google sitemap? How often? In days. //DokuWiki can automatically create a Google Sitemap. To //enable this feature use the sitemap option. // It then send it automatically to google $conf['spellchecker']= 1; //enable Spellchecker (needs PHP >= 4.3.0 and aspell installed) $conf['subscribers'] = 1; //enable change n Auto conf create a toc in the right after an amount of headings it finds $conf['maxtoclevel'] = 3; //Up to which level include into AutoTOC (max. 5) $conf['maxseclevel'] = 0; //Up to which level create editable sections (max. 5) $conf['lang'] = 'el'; //your language How to enable login authorization See http://wiki.splitbrain.org/wiki:acl $conf['useacl'] = 1; //Use Access Control Lists to restrict access? $conf['openregister'] = 0; // users are no longer allowed to register themselves (default is 1) $conf['authtype'] = 'plain'; //which authentication backend should be used $conf['passcrypt'] = 'smd5'; //Used crypt method (smd5,md5,sha1,ssha,crypt,mysql,my411) $conf['defaultgroup']= 'user'; //Default groups new Users are added to $conf['profileconfirm'] = '1'; //Require current password to confirm changes to user profile $conf['superuser'] = '@admin'; //The admin can be user or @group For auto registration first set $conf['openregister'] = 1; Be sure you have sendmail apt-get install sendmail Then login and make a registration To administrate grub-md5-crypt # to create an encrypted password to use in users.auth.php add this in users.auth.php test:passwordtestcrypted:test:testt@localhost:admin And login as test and in bottom left the admin button Now for the current shown wiki page and folder add all rights to admin group and only read to ALL You can specify other rights for group users etc.. Here is a sample acl.auth.php which enable read-edit create to all folders except linux_quick_guides folder * @ALL 4 linux_quick_guides:* @admin 16 linux_quick_guides:* @ALL 1 linux_quick_guides:en @admin 2 linux_quick_guides:en @ALL 1 You can export to pdf also See http://wiki.splitbrain.org/wiki:tips:pdfexport 3 programs are needed to be executed by system command in php. htmldoc iconv and sendmail. Execute this to install the needed programs apt-get install htmldoc sendmail For iconv check to see if it already installed if not apt-get install libc6 Change the directory to your custom function pdfmake($text){ $dir="/home/wikiroot/files/pdfexporttmp/"; comment out the german also # $text = umlaute($text); #this is for german umlaute So now it seems better to keep all my notes in one page with internal links like This links to [[mywiki#my_internal_section]] Problem with greek fonts and htmldoc must be solved though!! See the solution here http://cgi.di.uoa.gr/~rouvas/htmldoc-greek/ unzip to this directory in debian # found from propetries in htmldoc-common in synaptic /usr/share/htmldoc/fonts/ and run with --charset iso-8859-7 switch Comment the following inserted lines in inc/common.php to debug # system("rm " . $filenameInput); # system("rm " . $filenameOutput); However the problem here is not with the 8859-7 encoding but with the pdf format which doesn't support utf-8. A solution is to print to pdf from konqueror after opening the html file but this does not create the toc and does not change page on heading. When testing htmldoc with 8859-7 encoded greek and using sans font it worked! So If I find a transformation from utf-8 to 8859-7 it may work I used kate to open as utf-8 save as iso-8859-7 and then converted the file as book from htmldoc. So now if I find a command line tool to do that I may use it in the php code to automate the process Here it is iconv -f utf-8 -t iso-8859-7 < input.html > output.html and now the changes to common.php $filenameInput=$dir."input.html"; $filenameOutput=$dir."output.pdf"; $filename8859_7=$dir."input2.html"; # new temp file #before converting create the iso-8859-7 file $command = "/usr/bin/iconv -f utf-8 -t iso-8859-7 < " . $filenameInput . " > " . $filename8859_7; system($command); #and now set sans (or other font if it works to #text,body,heading, header-footer $command = "htmldoc --jpeg=80 --toclevels 5 --title --size a4 --numbered --embedfonts -t pdf14 --linkcolor blue --textfont sans --bodyfont sans --headingfont sans --headfootfont sans --no-title --charset iso-8859-7 -f " . $filenameOutput . " " . $filename8859_7; system($command); system("exit(0)"); minor problem in acrobat in the left pane, browsing does not show greek corrent. This must be acrobat's problem And if you have anywhere My Internal Section in H1 it will point automatically. You may use Capitals or spaces actual section so mywiki#my_internal_section can point to My Internal Section in H1!! (Have a few empty lines to create space between the toc and the sections) However problems occure with greek. Some letters like οΏ½and οΏ½cannot be use in links (they are replaced by _) and all capitals that are converted to lower case cannot be muched to their corresponding capitals in the section. So - [[mywiki#οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ Internet]] is converted to οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½_internet and if the H1 section is οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ Internet it cannot point there Solution see the automated toc in the right click on the matching link and copy and use the link name after # !!!!! Auto detect language see http://wiki.splitbrain.org/wiki:multilingual_content Wonderful with 3 lines in local.php you have a wiki that when it displays contect in another language its changes its menus as well. How ? change $conf['lang'] = 'el'; //your language with $conf['lang']=preg_replace('/^(..):.*/i','$1',$_REQUEST['id']); if (strlen($conf['lang'])<>2){ $conf['lang']=preg_replace('/^(..):.*/i','$1',$_REQUEST['ns']); $conf['lang'] = (strlen($conf['lang'])<>2?'en':$conf['lang']); //if no namespace } Then create a namespace el and a namespace en and everytime you link to a wiki include before this namespace. So en:linux_quick_guides will display menus in english while el:linux_quick_guides will display menus in greek For template see monobook Installation is simple, just unzip the file into the folder lib/tpl in your DokuWiki install, and add $conf['template'] = "monobook"; to your local.php file Set : before en or el to link correctly See http://tatewake.com/wiki/projects:monobook_for_dokuwiki#install index is : special pages what links here : shows the backlinks upload file : for direct upload of images a :wiki:navigation file can be created for a left pane navigation side bar a :wiki:copyright page display at the bottom a :wiki:site_notice to display as heeder to all pages a subscribe pages can enable e-mails to user when a specific page is modified Link printable version displays html only I added a monobook/lang/el/lang.php file in utf-8 to translate common messages Also copy pasted user/pref.php to user/pref_local.php to make changes there that would be intact in next versions removed the line @include(dirname(__FILE__).'/local_pref.php'); and added $monobook['toolbox']['export_pdf']['href'] = DOKU_BASE."doku.php?id=".$ID."&do=export_pdf"; $monobook['toolbox']['export_pdf']['text'] = "Export to pdf"; $monobook['toolbox']['export_pdf']['rel'] = "nofollow"; Added to en/lang.php the translation for greek $monobook['toolbox']['export_pdf']['text'] = "οΏ½οΏ½οΏ½ οΏ½ PDF"; Another template http://www.jandecaluwe.com/testwiki/doku.php/navigation:solution And a template chooser http://wiki.splitbrain.org/plugin:template_chooser?s=templates When hosting dokuwiki in a php site pdf export sendmail to newly registered users and login didn't work although access restrictions copied from local site worked. From konqueror with ftp protocol i changed all permisions to 777 but it still couldn't login I must fix at least login. 3 programs are needed to be executed by system command in php. htmldoc iconv and sendmail. My host doesn't allow me to execute any application As a hack I uploaded an output.pdf to the folder it whould reside if it was temporary created. As a result the Export to pdf button always gives this pdf from wherever it is called. When this file didn't exist it sended a file and never stopped sending. So now your wiki is A text file It is shown as html with toc within dokuwiki It can be exported to simple one page html It can be exported to pdf Can it be tranformed to a multiple html pages format like the ldp howtos? htmldoc application can do it! Instead of generating pdf choose separated html htmldoc -t pdf14 --jpeg=80 --toclevels 5 --title --firstpage toc --size a4 --numbered --embedfonts --linkcolor blue --textfont sans --bodyfont sans --headingfont sans --headfootfont sans --no-title --charset iso-8859-7 -f output.pdf input2.html Will create a set of html files in the html directory See below links on docbook and ldp http://www.tldp.org/LDP/LDP-Author-Guide/html/docbook-why.html http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Howtos-with-LinuxDoc-3.html apt-get install docbook docbook-dsssl conglomerate doc-base linuxdoc-tools openjade txt2html txt2man See also http://wiki.docbook.org/topic/DocBookAuthoringTools Troobleshooting A warning like the following occured when upgrading to php newer than 4.3 Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: repeated subpattern is too long at offset 14466 in common.php on line 391 I had to change the line $chunksize = 600; in if(version_compare(phpversion(),'4.3.0','<')){ $chunksize = 40; }else{ $chunksize = 600; } to $chunksize = 40; Then it worked 138. man is the tool to see man pages of installed applications You can use also in kde man:// or # If you know what an application can do but don't know it name use apropos for example to find an application that can produce md5 password i tried apropos md5 And I found out that grub-md5-crypt is the tool I need 139. Automatic local network configuration and discovery for Debian A page in site http://wiki.debian.org/ZeroConf exists to track and coordinate support for zeroconf networking, mdns, etc in Debian. These technologies allow a machine to be added to a local network and automatically obtain an IP address (without using a dhcp server), and discover services such as printers, file shares, and web servers on the local network, without any special configuration or centralised network management. 140. To access a microsoft vpn network a pptp clinet is required. See http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/howto-debian.phtml add to your sources # James Cameron's PPTP GUI packaging deb http://quozl.netrek.org/pptp/pptpconfig ./ Execute apt-get update apt-get install pptp-linux pptpconfig 141. After a dist-upgrade problems occured in firefox, synaptic and other gnome applications A change to use proprietary nvidia driver and kernel 2.6.16 from nv driver and kernel 2.6.17 fixed it Maybe because of glx module that nv driver doesn't have? 142. Google Earth finally come to linux. You must install the proper nvidia ati etc proprietary drivers to enable opengl in order to run it. Vera fonts needed so apt-get install ttf-bitstream-vera ttf-mgopen However the message in google keeps appearing 143. mysql client can connect also remotely e.g. mysql -u vagelis -P 3306 -h mysql.test.com -p You can also change in config.inc.php in phpmyadmin even if it run locally the sections $cfgServers[$i]['host'] = 'mysql.netfirms.com'; // MySQL hostname $cfgServers[$i]['port'] = '3306'; // MySQL port - leave blank for default port $cfgServers[$i]['user'] = 'vagelis'; // MySQL user $cfgServers[$i]['password'] = '1234'; // MySQL password (only needed If you are allowed to view only one db you can insert it in $cfgServers[$i]['only_db'] $cfgServers[$i]['only_db'] = 'db5075'; Change also auth_type to http for password prompt $cfgServers[$i]['auth_type'] = 'http'; // Trying to use openoffice as a client apt-get install libmysql-java 144. joomla is a Content Management System for Web sites written in php using mysql konqueror had a problem showing the integrated html editor. Use firefox. Problem with the utf-8 encoding in the greek translation and the greek installation of joomla, use the english. A wonderful componenent is bookmarks which can import / export from IE and mozilla/firefox and other. See http://www.tegdesign.ch/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=71&Itemid=63 However problems with uptime function show that it requires a partition like ext2,ext3 or reiserfs (not fat32) Error in sql statement in bookmarks_install.xml line 80 `credits` int(11) NOT NULL default '', was fixed to `credits` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', ( Copy paste the installation to a ~/public_html/joomla folder and change group to www-data and permissions to 755 chgrp -R www-data ~/public_html/joomla chmod -R 775 ~/public_html/joomla Then start installation from http://localhost/~(username)/joomla To prepare a database to use for joomla (use localhost not 127.0.0.1) mysql -u root -p mysql> create database linuxfanclub; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON linuxfanclub.* to 'vagk77'@'localhost' identified by 'password' mysql> quit mysql> create database d60275075; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON d60275075.* to 'u70297892'@'localhost' identified by 'vagk77'; Now insert to joomla web installer host 127.0.0.1 username vagk77 password vagk77 database linuxfanclub Many web sql databases are slow when working with joomla so you may want to work in a local copy and then export to the web location. This requires that you backup the local database and restore it in the web. Also you may have to upload files to your joomla directory See http://forum.joomla.org/index.php?topic=5703.0;wap2 for instructions To backup a site in netfirms - copy the template site to a subfolder of an existing one and access it as www.existingdomain.com/newsite or if you have a new registered domain copy on /www/ and on domains add the new registered domain forwarding it to the new foder In our local server adduser newuser adduser newuser siteusers cp -r /root/www/tplsite /root/www/newsite chown -R newuser.www-data /root/www/newsite chmod -R g+w /root/www/newsite su - newuser ln -s /root/www/newsite/ ~newuser/www - create a new user ftp account for the new folder In our local server in /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf DefaultRoot ~/www !specialftp - create a new mysql database and from admin/settings enable remote access In our local server mysql -u root -p mysql> create database newuser; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON newuser.* to 'newuser'@'localhost' identified by 'newpassword'; mysql> quit - backupdb: from ssh login for example mysqldump -e --force --quick --quote-names -h mysqlhost -u Username -pPassword DatabaseID > (sitefolder)/backup/(sqlfile) OR see below how to export from phpmyadmin - restoredb: login via ssh and execute mysql --force --quick -h mysqlhost -u Username -pPassword DatabaseID < (sitefolder)/backup/(sqlfile) #in case of errors see buggy sql statements - In our local server configure apache2 to server the new site - Change in configuration.php file $mosConfig_absolute_path = $mosConfig_cachepath = $mosConfig_host = //if the domain is changed and not only a subfolder $mosConfig_db = //if the database is moved also $mosConfig_password = $mosConfig_user = $mosConfig_live_site = - login as an administrator and from VirtueMart in configuration icon url and downloads tabs change the url - if the site is in a subfolder change also in the .htaccess file line RewriteBase / to RewriteBase /subfolder (>>>>remember to enable rewrite module to apache2 (a2enmod rewrite) and comment FollowSymLinks <<<<) - Add the user to usermin / Allowed users and groups *********export sql from phpmyadmin****** the latest .sql file of the template mysql database like this. Enter into mysql with english language and check from browser utf-8 Everything should be checked (schema and data, with complete and extended inserts, and enclosing with backquotes). Check for greek chars. Delete the first intro line. If any problems see phpmyadmin joomla troubleshooting and Upload the .sql file to a subfolder of the site named backup ******phpmyadmin joomla troubleshooting****** For me the save as file didn't work so I had to view it as text and copy paste it to a new file deleting the first intro line. Enter into mysql with english language and check from browser utf-8 Everything should be checked (schema and data, with complete and extended inserts, and enclosing with backquotes). In phpmyadmin 2.4 a line ----------------- and all first comments must be deleted since they are not correctly parsed **************buggy sql statements************* -Some unknown greek characters were written in the db. Use search and replace with space. - Check from a syntax highlighting editor like kate that quotes on lines +-2 from error statements open and close - Check that dates are enclosed in quotes - If all else fails just delete the damn statement if not important INSERT INTO `jos_vm_order_user_info` VALUES (2,2,66,'BT','-default-','Computers Aντωνίου Γιάννης κερνάει Γιά,'','Φρούση','Βάσω ','','2221079000','','','Ρήγα Φεραίου 15','','ΧΑΛΚΙΔΑ',' - ','GRC','34100','vasso@computersantoniou.com','','','','','','EUROBANK','','123456789781','','ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ ΕΜ. εγω θα τα πλη,'Savings') INSERT INTO `jos_vm_user_info` VALUES ('2994a951a286e8ce5fa131914b7a4aaf',66,'BT','-default-','Computers Aντωνίου Γιάννης κερνάει Γιά,'','Φρούση','Βάσω ','','2221079000','','','Ρήγα Φεραίου 15','','ΧΑΛΚΙΔΑ',' - ','GRC','34100','vasso@computersantoniou.com','','','','','',1161636699,1161636699,'shopper','EUROBANK','','123456789781','','ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ ΕΜ. (εγω θα τα πλη,'Savings') INSERT INTO `jos_vm_waiting_list` (`waiting_list_id`, `product_id`, `user_id`, `notify_email`, `notified`, `notify_date`) VALUES (1, 12, 68, 'antoniou@acn.gr', '0', 2006-10-29 04:39:59), (2, 11, 71, 'nikoszita@wanadoo.fr', '0', 2006-11-28 13:22:06); ************************************************* Check to see that greek chars are shown. If not change use phpmyadmin english language and utf8 codepage and try again. Then save the file as utf8. On the web site you must install greek language pack, publish it and on global settings change language to greek and locale to el_GR For virtuemart copy also the jpg images from /components/com_virtuemart/shop_image/product **********end of phpmyadmin joomla troobleshooting************ Time Zone matters select correct time zone in your local working joomla and correct one in the website. Else mysql upload can produce a time in the future and may not be published write away In my local joomla installation apache has default charset 8859-7. So I must specify in the browser utf-8. I cannot override this, from html! When the User clicks the 'Save' or 'Cancel' icon, the file should be checked back in. If there is a connection error, or the user presses the 'Back' button in his or her browser, a file can stay checked out, meaning no one can edit it. To solve this perform the 'Global Check-in' select "System > Global Check In" from the Administrator menu bar. Users can be created. * Registered users can submit links, reviewed before publish, not news * Authors can also news and pages, all reviewed before publish * Editors can also edit existing news and pages, all reviewed before publish * Publishers can also publish without being reviewed For Virtuemart a user should be admin while he is a simple registered user for joomla. This way he can manage the shop for the administration link in the frontend but cannot login to joomla itself or see special priviledged pages. I will try to find if this can be set virtuemart is a component to add e-commerce abilities to joomla. joomfish is a component to enable content in multiple languages In languages you may set the path to the flags (suggested images/flags/greek_flag.png ..) but it is better to set the iso code to el or gr and the image components/com_joomfish/images/flags/gr.gif will be shown. Strangely you must select 1 greek and 0 english to display by default in greek, and the flags in that order (must be a bug) In modules select top position, ul-list of images Some modules may not be translated like modules/mod_virtuemart_allinone.php Edit this file. The New tab is the only one without hardcoded translation. For Top,Special,Random translate there. This may be changed in later versions of the module To translate the html order confirmation e-mail create a file in /administrator/components/com_virtuemart/html/templates/order_emails/ named email_(language).html e.g. for greek email_greek.html It will use the corresponding file according to the language used Added neglected strings to languages/english.php , greek.php 1. /////////////////Strings neglected to be translated var $_PHPSHOP_SHIPPING_METHOD_LIST_FORM_MNU = 'Shipping Modules List'; Used in administrator/components/com_virtemart/header.php administrator/components/com_virtuemart/html/store.shipping_modules.php Searched for : Shipping Module List Replaced with : _PHPSHOP_SHIPPING_METHOD_LIST_FORM_MNU ?> To translate a shipping method e.g. flex change its php file in for example /administrator/components/com_virtuemart/classes/shipping/flex.php in function list_rates( &$d ) { add a line to use global language string global $VM_LANG; Searched for : Standard Shipping : Replaced with : . $VM_LANG->_PHPSHOP_FLEX_SHIPPING_STANDARD_SHIPPING_LBL and add this new string at the end of files languages/english.php and greek.php /////////////////Strings neglected to be translated var $_PHPSHOP_FLEX_SHIPPING_STANDARD_SHIPPING_LBL = 'Βασική Αποστολή'; The virtuemart logo in the categories view is /components/com_virtuemart/shop_image/ps_image/powered-by-virtuemart.png Change it to yourlogo.png and edit /administrator/components/com_virtuemart/html/footer.png to point there The virtuemart logo in the administrator view is /components/com_virtuemart/shop_image/ps_image/menu_logo.gif Change it to yourlogo.png and edit /administrator/components/com_virtuemart/header.png to point there To remove the check for latest version in virtuemart edit administrator/components/com_virtuemart/admin.virtuemart.php search for latest Version and enclose with an if statement the code where it is like $checkVirtueMartVersion==0; if($checkVirtueMartVersion==1) { ... } Virtuemart changes To protect from spambots do not display plain text e-mail addresses. Comment it out in file administrator/components/com_virtuemart/html/shop.infopage.php. Instead add a png transparent image with the email to the details of the vendor, contact etc.. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Virtuemart bugs 1.in com_virtuemart/html/shop.cart.php -->Bug: an extra forgotten will cause template problems after adding to cart (doesn't show up in default rhuk_solarflair_ii. Seen in ja_jibal and probably on others) -->Solution : deleted. 2.in com_virtuemart/html/checkout.paymentradio.php ->Bug: The
tag causes the 2nd column of the other types of payment to be shown too right and under the right column where joomla modules are shown. It is rather a template css error but since it is of no important use here, it can safely be removed in the virtuemart code instead of correcting a lot of templates that will not use it correctly. (doesn't show up in default rhuk_solarflair_ii. Seen in ja_jibal and probably on others) ->Solution : Deleted both fieldset tags. 3. In /administrator/components/com_virtuemart/html/checkout.index.php disable (comment) the virtuemart login form since it has a problem with joomla 1.011. Leave a login joomla module at all times in the left column and direct the users there (for multilingual add a new string variable for the message). Deactivate also the virtuemart login form from showing in virtuemarts module 4. In the last page when the transaction is completed an error is outputed Warning: Division by zero in /mnt/w0508/d39/s49/b0228151/www/weballdesign/administrator/components/com_virtuemart/classes/ps_checkout.php on line 1296 (1313 in me after I added some comments). This can be hidden with an extra condition of !=0 in the if statement. May be or not a bug. In the previous page before confirmation the $d['order_subtotal_withtax'] was OK now in the last page it appears to be zero. I will keep it in mind to see if it actually stored in the database as zero - it seems OK there in table jos_vm_orders. template ja_jibal Bugs 1.error in css validation line 1 col41. Change file templates/ja_jibal/index.php $iso = explode( '=', _ISO ); // xml prolog echo ''; //old false code $iso = split( '=', _ISO ); //old false code echo ""; 2. In IE<7 and not in mozilla,opera,konqueror the right column modules are displayed below the end of the center column data. I just had to change and remove the id=ja-rightcol
to just
since the formatting of the css for ja-rightcol produced that, but it now putted a low module below the center column !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! To setup e-mail, as an administrator from global configuration e-mail choose smtp and enter the details. Carefull to specify the port also e.g. smtp.mail.yahoo.com:587 To change copyright in the footer (should be a module in future versions) edit the file /includes/footer.php or better change the line var $URL = 'Joomla! is Free Software released under the GNU/GPL License.'; in includes/version.php and also comment and change to sth else // var $PRODUCT = 'Joomla!'; // var $RELEASE = '1.0'; // var $DEV_STATUS = 'Stable'; // var $DEV_LEVEL = '11'; // var $CODENAME = 'Sunbow'; in administrator/includes/admin.php change if ($check) { to if (!$check) { to disable showing of version checking In the same file to disable security warnings change if ( count($wrongSettingsTexts) ) { to if ( !count($wrongSettingsTexts) ) { Also in administrator/modules/mod_fullmenu.php comment the submenu Version Check //['', 'Version Check', 'http://www.joomla.org/content/blogcategory/32/66/', '_blank','Version Check'], Also in administrator/components/com_admin/admin.admin.html.php delete the Joomla! in the phrase "For all Joomla! functions". This is show in System/System Info in the Permissions tab In languages to change the greek for joomla 1.0.9 title edit file language/greek.xml and also change the author in english.xml To change the login screen for administration change /administrator/templates/joomla_admin/login.php Also in /administrator/templates/joomla_admin/index.php search and delete the Check for latest version The logo in the login screen and inside administration templates/joomla_admin/images/header_text.png The logo in the site unavailable screen is /images/joomla_logo_black.jpg. Change it to sth yoyu want. If you want change its filename also. It is used in files offline.php, administrator/index2.php administrator/index3.php This maybe a part of a template and be ignored if using a different template Change following line in globals.php for security reasons define( 'RG_EMULATION', 0 ); To disable the help menu in the administrator backend edit in /administrator/modules/mod_fullmenu.php line [null,'Help','index2.php?option=com_admin&task=help',null,null] comment it and use a new one for example [null,'','',null,null] Also from global configuration/server change the name of the help server to sth invalid To disable the help menu in virtuemart in file administrator/components/com_virtuemart/header.phpcomment line // case "help": and change to something that would never execute like case "helpout": Menus in joomla interesting modules for menus can be found at http://extensions.joomla.org/component/option,com_mtree/task,listcats/cat_id,1788/Itemid,35/ For D4J TransMenu (check out the tool tips) select menu type to retrieve its menu items and unpublish that menu. Select also not to show its title. for mainmenu select position left, vertical style, sub-menu direction right and sub-menu position top right For top menu select position user3, horizontal style, sub-menu direction down and sub-menu position down left For transmenus select for example Shadow opacity 10% Menu Background color #bbb Menu Background Opacity 90% A nice usage for administrators is to add menu links to a page with special permission (the menus also) and use it to update info about problems, plans, etc The login module should be visible from all pages so change this (default is varies) in the module manager To enable banners in the banners position see the instructions from http://www.webpr.gr/joomla/2006/07/so-you-want-to-use-flash-banners_02.html A problem with flash is that it cannot reside in the background since it overrides the z-axis settings of html and sits always in the foreground. You may try in its parameters or This may work on IE only. *****************PROBLEMS************ When logging as admin2 in echipset and trying to view templates error broken connection occured As admin the following error occured Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 8388608 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 32 bytes) in /root/web_sites/www/echipset/includes/domit/xml_domit_lite_parser.php on line 1309 Solution cp /usr/share/php5/php.ini-dist /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini Edit following line increasing the memory limit vi /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini memory_limit = 12M ; (8MB default) Restart apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 restart From joomla backend system/system info you can see the php info output to check your change memory_limit 12M 12M In virtuemart backend add product page the Auto creation of image thumbnails is not shown In administrator/components/com_virtuemart/html/product.product_form.php the following line shows it only if GD library is installed (about line 675) if( function_exists('imagecreatefromjpeg')) Solution is to install the GD library. Be sure to have it installed apt-get install php5-gd libgd2-xpm libgd2-xpm-dev In /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini (if it doesn't exist create it with) cp /usr/share/php5/php.ini-dist /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini search for "gd" and remove ; in line ;extension=gd.so Restart apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 restart Images uploaded by joomla have default permissions 600, making them difficult to handle by rsync commands and unusable by ftp from site owners. Must have 640 permissions, (or each site's upload script must set the correct user also and 644 permissions. This may not be good since this problem may appear also in another script. It must solved by apache telling site users at first, to handle files uploaded by web interface, again by this interface Solution1:by adding a single line to this file: /administrator/components/com_mambospgm/spgmadmin/addFile.php add: chmod($_FILES["srcimg"]["name"], 0755); to line 5 it will now look like this: Solution2: http://forum.mamboserver.com/showthread.php?t=16683 change 2 lines in my configuration.php file.This affects backend media upload Find... $mosConfig_fileperms = ''; $mosConfig_dirperms = ''; And Replace With... $mosConfig_fileperms = '0644'; $mosConfig_dirperms = '0755'; TMedit editor from the frontend has an upload feature and writes with 0666 permissions no matter what the configuration.php file says. 145. To use mouse in the console apt-get install gpm 146. To check for e-mails use gnubiff You may need to install xemacs first apt-get install xemacs21 apt-get install gnubiff 147. If any problems with greek fonts after apt-get upgrades go to control center and select another set of fonts or reinstall for example fonts from a windows directory 148. To install Linux Terminal Server do apt-get install ltsp-server-standalone ltsp-utils 149. To install lazarus on debian go to http://howtoforge.com/lazarus_ubuntu do apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgdk-pixbuf-dev http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/lazarus Sort by date and find all the latest deb packages. They must all be at the same date Put them all in a folder e.g. ~/tmp/lazarus cd ~/tmp/lazarus dpkg -i *.deb A menu item will be created for kde in the development. You can also execute it from konqueror. It is /usr/share/lazarus/install/lazarus.desktop Go to run/Run Parameters and check use launching application and change xterm to konsole At Environment/Editor Options/Display change font to console 16 for greek (minor problem with accents) For debugging enable gdb at environment/debugger options and add the full path to it in the (/usr/bin/gdb probably) Then at project/compiler options/ linking check the generate debug info for gdb The run parameters must not have a launching application. Output would be directed to the terminal that launched lazarus (However there is a problem with readln) If any problems with greek characters in menus add this line to your desktop shortcut just before lazarus command export LANG=en_EN.ISO-8859-1. Do not add it in your .bashrc. It will produce problems with greek characters. 150. When connecting with xdmcp problems occured with kxkb which is used to change keyboard layouts. Try kkbswitch. The keyoboard section in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file should be as follows. In Option "XkbModel" you can specify an model that you tested in kde control center to be ok. The setkeymap command shows the model name there "XkbLayout" and "XkbVariant" can also be found in kde control center /keyboard layouts. extended variant amorg other enables also the euro sign €, with right alt+e while in greek. Be careful not to enable kde's keyboard layouts since it overlaps with the system and causes problems. Use the one or the other. Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Generic Keyboard" Driver "kbd" Option "AutoRepeat" "500 30" Option "CoreKeyboard" Option "XkbRules" "xorg" Option "XkbModel" "microsoftpro" Option "XkbLayout" "us,gr" Option "XkbVariant" ",extended" Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll" EndSection If any problems like seeing only one layout try executing gnome-keyboard-properties from within kde and if the problem persists from within gnome and add the layout if not shown. In gnome add kkbswitch in selected applications that run on startup with gnome-session-properties For greek in a typic console see http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/441 For general info on diplaying charsets to console http://www.jw-stumpel.nl/stestu.html#T4.5 151. Gnome interesting stuff First of all from synaptic install almost everything that start with gnome (except the dev and the doc or irrelevant to the desktop) Install also anything that starts with gtk2-engines You can select them in the details of a theme in the control section. Make a link to a panel to gnome-control-center. Application link is in Debian Menu/Applications/System/Gnome Try the art manager in gnome-control-center to install wallpapers and icons and themes to even the login manager. My favorite is Glossy P with nuvola icons 152. To remove the volume icons on the gnome desktop from system tools configuration editor go to apps/nautilus/desktop and uncheck volumes_visible You can also name there the computer_icon_name and remove the trash icon (better to add it to a bottom panel in its right) 153. vsftp is a very secure ftp server as its name implies apt-get install vsftp ftp localhost You will probably get the error message "refusing to run with writable anonymous root". vsftpd is protecting against dangerous configurations. The cause of this message is usually dodgy ownership of the ftp home directory. The home directory should NOT be owned by the ftp user itself. Neither should it be writable by the ftp user. A way to fix this is: chown root ~ftp; chmod -w ~ftp Now whatever you put in /home/ftp will be shown to anonymous logins To create a custom ftp root directory change or add in vsftpd.conf the line anon_root. For example anon_root=/mnt/hda14/ftp Create the directory and remove write permissions from everyone mkdir /mnt/hda14/ftp chmod o-w /mnt/hda14/ftp 154 . Before you install a printer install the cupsys printing service and the drivers apt-get install cupsys cupsys-driver-gutenprint cupsys-driver-gutenprint-locales cupsys-driver-gimpprint 155. oscommerce is an opensource web application for e-commerce From phpmyadmin -create a database e.g. oscommerce -Create a user (mysql/user) testuser -Assign this user to the database with full priviledges. (mysql/db) localhost , oscommerce, testuser -Change in /etc/php4/apache2/php.ini if required register_globals = On - Restart apache /etc/init.d/apache2 restart - browse to http://localhost/..../oscommerce/catalog/install To add a language, download the zip file and unzip to root folder. From localization/languages for greek select greek, gr, icon.png, greek, 0 To remove a banner from tools / banner manager set to inactive (or from mysql db banners change status to 0) To change the header images and links change catalog/includes/header.php To change the footer copyright set define('FOOTER_TEXT_BODY', ''); in for example catalog/includes/languages/greek.php To add templates first unzip and upload BTS Backup everything first! Run the included BTS.sql file against your osC2.2 ms2 database From admin configuration settings/My store set for example Default Template Directory Cobalt If you don't want the menu to appear Template Switching Allowed false Show Templates Menu false sts is another template tool probably better. Install it in a clean installation See the readmes. As a quick install copy the files execute ..../catalog/database_setup.php Login as admin. From modules STS/Default enable sts Add a sample template as modern_blue (se its readme) Copy the images from theme_modern_blue/modern_blue/images to /catalog/images/infobox Login as admin. From modules STS/Default set template directory to modern_blue (bug replace /includes to includes to sts_template.html and all files in boxes folder) Make changes to sts_template.html To remove something by putting comments around it If this doesn't remove it place also something for example an underscore before the variable, e.g. $_cartbox Making a custom box Copy from includes/boxes/information.php to custom.php and replace information -> custom info -> custom INFO -> CUSTOM Add in include/languages/greek.php (english.php etc..) // custom box text in includes/boxes/custom.php define('BOX_HEADING_CUSTOM', 'Συνδέσμοι'); and more..... Bugs : On file index.php replace all s on p.products_id with s on p2c.products_id 156. To speed up loading konqueror, go to its settings / rerformance enter 3 preloaded instanses and check preloading always and on kde startup 157. jigdo - http://atterer.net/jigdo/ jigdo is a powerfull tool that was inspired to be used instead of downloading large cd or dvd isos of debian. It can also be used for several other cases. What it does in short is to download seperately the deb files from the nearest debian mirror and with the help of a template file, which has the rest of the cd/dvd data and a .jigdo file, construct the final .iso file So I could use my awmn mirrors to download the 99% of the iso file with speeds of 500kb/s and finish the process of creating the iso in 3 hours (instead of 45 hours of ftp download from the internet at my 27kb/s connection) Outstanding! use a template file for the general structure of the cd/dvd and various files apart from the .deb archives. Download a jigdo file and a template file from http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/i386/jigdo-dvd/ Then for example execute (in the same folder wher the files are) jigdo-lite debian-31r5-i386-binary-1.jigdo or the best way is to use as a parameter the full path as copied from the browser like this jigdo-lite http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/weekly-builds/i386/jigdo-dvd/debian-testing-i386-DVD-1.jigdo Then change DVD-1 to DVD-2 and last DVD-3 Use the fastest repository available and after download if some packets fail to download, use http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ 158. To check an md5sum of a written cd you can check the verify written data option in k3b or md5sum /dev/dvd Trailing zero's and nuls at the end can change the MD5 hash. So to calculate the md5sum we need to: 1) find the size of the ISO in bytes 2) run dd with this exact size in bytes: dd if=/dev/dvd | head --bytes= | md5sum So for example: dd if=/dev/dvd | head --bytes=3621957632 | md5sum 159. How to clone an existing debian installation tar -cvf /etc# to backup configuration files To make a local copy of the package selection states: dpkg --get-selections "*" >myselections # or use \* "*" makes myselections include package entries for "purge" too. You can transfer this file to another computer, and install it there with: dselect update dpkg --set-selections >/etc/apt/sources.list Uncomment lines for the stable distribution as well in case you use testing or unstable. Then apt-get update apt-get install dtc-toaster 165. Trying hosting controllers applications Virtualmin Download the webmin module from here http://www.webmin.com/vdownload.html Before installing upgrade webmin from the latest internet version Sendmail must be configured In module config Set Base number for virtual interfaces to e.g. 192.168.1.100 And Default virtual server IP address to same Set Network interface for virtual addresses manually (if more than one) Then on /etc/apache2/httpd.conf add line NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.100 166. Configure sendmail See http://rimuhosting.com/support/settingupemail.jsp?mta=sendmail&t=dns#dns and http://www.swelltech.com/support/webminguide-1.0/ch11.html http://www.linuxpackages.net/howto.php?page=sendmail&title=Sendmail+Howto apt-get install sendmail-bin apt-get install sendmail Make sure Sendmail is running on your server. ps axf | grep sendmail Try sending a test e-mail with a command like this from your server: echo "test" | mail -s testsubject someemail@hotmailorwherever.com Open Webmin. Go to Servers, Sendmail Configuration, Local Domains. Enter the domains for which you want Sendmail to receive mail. e.g. "yourdomain.com". Add here for example your dynamic dns name Change /etc/hosts to include it for 127.0.0.1 Under Sendmail Options, change the "SMTP port options" from "Port=smtp,Addr=127.0.0.1,Name=MTA" to "Port=smtp,Name=MTA" so that Sendmail listens on both your public and local IP addresses. Stop and restart Sendmail. adduser --shell /sbin/nologin sendmailuser To install a pop3 server apt-get install ipopd Add in trusted users the user you created sendmailuser From kmail set port to 995 localhost and check for what the server uses (TLS here) user sendmailuser To enable sendmail to use STARTTLS, you need to: 1) Add this line to /etc/mail/sendmail.mc and optionally to /etc/mail/submit.mc: include(`/etc/mail/tls/starttls.m4')dnl 2) Run sendmailconfig 3) Restart sendmail Add this line after last line with FEATURES FEATURE(virtusertable, `btree /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl move MAILER_DEFINITIONS MAILER(`local')dnl after all lines with FEATURES 167. Usermin in a wonderful tool in a multiuser environment which can reduce load from an administrator by enabling users to change their settings by themselves Install it from apt (using the stable sources) along with all its modules apt-get install usermin usermin-* Then from usermin/upgrade usermin to the latest version From usermin/available modules check the modules that users will use -Password change , changes also samba password!! From usermin/module restrictions allow certain modules to be visible by certain users or unix groups From usermin/Ip addresses check from which addresses a user can login Edit /etc/usermin/miniserv.conf. Change the host name to be a valid url. It will be shown in case http is typed by mistake instead of https 168. Spamassassin is integrated in kmail apt-get install spamassassin spampd spambayes bsfilter To add ocr see http://www.nabble.com/GIF-Spam----Setting-up-the-%27OCR-scanner-and-image-validator-SA-plugin%27-tf2042373.html TroobleShooting http://www.bluequartz.us/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=4783&sid=75e5bd003ca477fc036168905dd52d89 Run as a simple user (not root) and save the output of spamassassin -D --lint and check it out. For example [11790] warn: plugin: failed to parse plugin /etc/mail/spamassassin/ocrtext.pm: Can't locate String/Approx.pm tells that some perl modules are missing. A google search showed which package should be installed go to http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages and in Search the contents of a package, select packages that contain files named liked this, in testing or unstable and type the pm file in the search box apt-get install libstring-approx-perl libimage-exiftool-perl libimager-perl libnet-dns-perl libmail-spf-query-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libnet-ident-perl razor And a solution to a module with problem apt-get install libmail-box-perl mkdir -p /usr/share/perl5/IP/Country ln -s /usr/share/perl5/Mail/Message/Field/Fast.pm /usr/share/perl5/IP/Country/ Last add the following lines to /etc/spamassassin/local.cf bayes_min_ham_num 20 bayes_min_spam_num 20 dns_available test: 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.254 10.2.19.1 169. To check 3D capability glxinfo and glxgears must be installed apt-get install mesa-utils 170. Trying the cvs cedega to get windows games to work under linux See http://www.linux-gamers.net/modules/wiwimod/index.php?page=HOWTO%20Cedega%20CVS 171. Install a konqueror plugin for apt apt-get install kio-apt Then with apt:/ in konqueror you can search in local files, display information and very cool directly search to packages.debian.org for a package according to a filename 172. To test speed of a partition execute hdparm -Tt /dev/hda6 Some parameters that may increase speed (see http://mich.homelinux.net/dt_optimization.php) hdparm -d 1 -c 1 -m 16 -u 1 /dev/hda SMART overall-health self-assessment. See http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ aptitude install smartmontools smartctl -H -l selftest /dev/hda 173. console-screen.sh and greek apt-get install console-tools This is the way to properly view greek, utf-8 and other no so well supported encodings. However in startup it may exit with a fail statement which usplash catches and exits for its splash screen into normal console messages. If you use other enconding than the latter try an equivalent package apt-get install kbd More problems only in tty1-6: The greek fonts are displayed correctly but when changing to greek with alt-shift you cannot type! 174. alternatives mechanism is a very clever feature of debian. In /etc/alternatives folder (which ofcourse is included in $PATH) lie some links. The cool thing is that you can do this to install a new link to the /etc/alternatives with priority 10 update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/usplash/usplash-artwork.so usplash-artwork.so /usr/lib/usplash/usplash-theme-gray.so 10 then if you install another with higher priority 20 like update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/usplash/usplash-artwork.so usplash-artwork.so /usr/lib/usplash/usplash-theme-blue.so 20 you can afterwards configure the link after being asked to select from the 2 installed update-alternatives --config usplash-artwork.so will ask you which one you want Ofcourse there is a gui apt-get install galternatives 175. To broadcast a message to all user consoles wall < message.txt or wall hello!! 176. k3b can use themes!! Themes can be found at http://www.kde-look.org/ To install a k3b theme is very easy. Start your k3b and navigate to the stile section. How to do? Take a look to the menu, go to "settings" and choose "configure k3b". Look at the left side from the open window and go to themes. Click on "install new theme" and search for your downloaded 177. To test passwords in a system apt-get john # it is in stable sources john /etc/shadow You can stop it any time with ctrl-c and then check out what it has done already with john -show /etc/shadow 178. vi http://www.ss64.com/bashsyntax/vi.html To search and replace :%s/src_str/dest_src/g For syntax highlighting install vim aptitude install vim Check out the tutor vimtutor Create a new ~/.vimrc file vi ~/.vimrc Insert a sample "vimrc" file and write down changes: :read $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim Save and exit with ZZ See a description of its features and a tutorial at http://www.bellevuelinux.org/vi/features.html 179. When using mkdir add -p to also create all the new subfolders. e.g. if ~/tmp does not exist it will be created along with d1, d2 with mkdir -p ~/tmp/d1/d2 180. To copy a file to multiple directories see http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/showthread.php?t=253228 for i in $(ls /mp3); do if [ -d $i ]; then ln -s /path/to/file/index.php $i/index.php; fi; done 181. Trying to work with tightvnc http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Xvnc_terminal_server http://www.penlug.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/TightVNC apt-get install tightvncserver After installation commands vncserver is identical to tightvncserver and vncviewer to xtightvncviewer If you want to execute vncserver on remote machine's request, install openbsd-inetd apt-get install openbsd-inetd Then add to the end of /etc/services lines like # Local services vnc-640x480x8 5960/tcp vnc-800x600x8 5961/tcp vnc-800x600x16 5950/tcp vnc-800x600x24 5962/tcp vnc-1024x768x16 5900/tcp vnc-1024x768x24 5963/tcp This means that in display :0 a vncserver will run at 1024x768 in 16bit color and in display :50 a vncserver will run at 800x600 in 16bit color as well In /etc/inetd.conf at to the end vnc-640x480x8 stream tcp nowait nobody.tty /usr/bin/Xvnc Xvnc -inetd -query localhost -once -geometry 640x480 -depth 8 vnc-800x600x8 stream tcp nowait nobody.tty /usr/bin/Xvnc Xvnc -inetd -query localhost -once -geometry 800x600 -depth 8 vnc-800x600x16 stream tcp nowait nobody.tty /usr/bin/Xvnc Xvnc -inetd -query localhost -once -geometry 800x600 -depth 16 vnc-800x600x24 stream tcp nowait nobody.tty /usr/bin/Xvnc Xvnc -inetd -query localhost -once -geometry 800x600 -depth 24 vnc-1024x768x16 stream tcp nowait nobody.tty /usr/bin/Xvnc Xvnc -inetd -query localhost -once -geometry 1024x768 -depth 16 vnc-1024x768x24 stream tcp nowait nobody.tty /usr/bin/Xvnc Xvnc -inetd -query localhost -once -geometry 1024x768 -depth 24 restart inetd and gdm /etc/init.d/openbsd-inetd restart /etc/init.d/gdm restart So now just connect from a vncclient with no password specifying no port and a login screen will appear xtightvncviewer 192.168.1.100 -fullscreen This is helpfull on a local network but very unsafe. So it is better to invoke it manually Execute in the server machine tightvncserver or vncserver :1 -geometry 1024x768 -depth 16 -pixelformat rgb565 or just vncserver to stop it execute vncserver -kill :1 Make sure that it is not running and edit the default configuration file for example to get the vncserver to run the K desktop environment instead of twm, edit the $HOME/.vnc/xstartup file To see a login screen from gdmchooser gdmXnestchooser --xnest to start gnome another way gnome-session & # for gnome or in debian change the x-window-manager to x-session-manager and then configure the symlink from galternatives command Execute in the client machine xvncviewer server:1 or xtightvncviewer -compresslevel 9 and if a session is already running in display 0 execute $DISPLAY=server:1 # if window borders are not shown metacity & #gnome window manager kwin & #kde window manager Execute in another client machine to view as well xvncviewer server:1 To view readonly xtightvncviewer -viewonly After connecting to vnc you can easily login as another user and even to any other machine allowing xdmcp in the remote network executing in the console gdmflexiserver -n (or with other ways as if you were there) You can set a default geometry like a little less than 1024x768 in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf in the daemon section [daemon] Xnest=/usr/bin/Xnest -geometry 960x720 -br -br -audit 0 -name Xnest Tests on a 100Mbit line athlon 2200+ as server (1800 MHz) celeron mobile 1300 as client (2000 Mhz) showed that -divx can be smoothly shown in 320x240 or even 400x300, with xine working better than mplayer. mplayer should be used with parameters like if it is too slow mplayer test.avi -vfm ffmpeg -lavdopts lowres=1:fast:skiploopfilter=all. -tv in resolutions 320x240 or 400x300 is smooth. Configure in xdtvrc like this fullscreen = 640x480 windowsize = 400x300 With F full screen was ok -Both cpus client and server were pushed over 80%, -For tv in non-compress mode even 6Mb/s tranfer rate -with xtightvncviewer -compresslevel 9 reduced to 500Kb/s Ports need to be enabled 5500-5510 5800-5810 5900-5910 182. An add-on in firefox with english proverbs made the browser extend as if it was used in 1024x768 resolution and therefore hide its right end while in 800x600, so I disabled it. 183.Before we begin some ----Precautional Troobleshooting---- Check to ensure - /etc/network/options does not exist (if it exists rename it or delete it) - In /etc/init.d/networking in function process_options() comment doopt lines (of depreciated /etc/network/options file) and replace with sysctl -p sysctl -p # doopt spoofprotect yes # doopt syncookies no # doopt ip_forward yes Uncomment lines in /etc/sysctl.conf that do the same. THe file is loaded by sysctl -p as seen above net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1 Also check the scripts in /etc/network/if-down.d/ a guarddog sript even if guardog is disable may temporarily block all ports on /etc/init.d/networking stop producing the following error ping: sendmsg: Operation not permitted Do an apt-get remove --purge guarddog to remove guardog and reinstall it only if you know how to bypass this. I don't - at least for now We want to configure this local network - A router with ip e.g. 192.168.1.254 which is an internet gateway we will call it AdslRouter - A wireless router called WRouter connected throught ethernet (with an interface called UpLink) to the AdslRouter which gets its address for the connection through dhcp e.g. 192.168.1.100. It has also a local network address like 192.168.2.1, and can route other pcs which connect to it through an ethernet interface it has with e.g. 4 ports, or wireless, assigning addresses through dhcp starting from 192.168.2.100 . - A client pc to the WRouter called EthRouter with a wireless card which gets its address from the WRouter through dhcp like 192.168.2.100. It has also an ethernet connection with address 10.64.53.200. - A client pc called Client01 to the EthRouter through ethernet interface with address 10.64.53.201 We want Client01 to access internet through EthRouter which is routed through Wrouter which is also router through AdslRouter! Configure the Wrouter. Connect to it through its 4-port local ethernet interface change its local network address (not the address of the UpLink) for our example to 192.168.2.1, start a dhcp server to 192.168.2.xx network assigning addresses through dhcp starting from 192.168.2.100 with dns servers 192.168.2.1(itself), 192.168.1.254(the AdslRouter).If the 2 routers don't have dns servers use the adsl internet connection dns servers. In the beginning for simplicity use no encryption to the wirelless. We will also prepare a startup script /etc/init.d/myrouter for the EthRouter to become a router itself. See the corresponding section for setting your server as a router Install wireless-tools apt-get install wireless-tools Check installation of wireless-tools with iwconfig Installing a wireless pci card with atheros bcm43xx chipset See http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=7949 From 2.6.17 atheros chipsets are supported natively. Check from modconf that they are enabled in kernel/drivers/net/wireless/bcm43 But you still need to install the firmware. Getting the firmware is now trivial because bcm43xx-fwcutter will get and extract it for you aptitude install bcm43xx-fwcutter the only thing you need to do is move the firmware to the proper location as it get installed in the wrong location (I believe) mkdir -p /lib/hotplug/firmware cp /lib/firmware/*.fw /lib/hotplug/firmware Ofcourse your device may not be detected or the wrong firmware may be used, so insert the cd and try to locate the driver file bcmwl5.sys. You can copy it to /opt/drivers for example mkdir /opt/drivers/bcm4318 cp -r /media/cdrom/Driver/WinXP/ /opt/drivers/bcm4318/ Now extract the firmware from the bcmwl5.sys file to /lib/hotplug/firmware/ and /lib/firmware cd /opt/drivers/bcm4318/WinXP/ bcm43xx-fwcutter -w /lib/hotplug/firmware/ bcmwl5.sys bcm43xx-fwcutter -w /lib/firmware/ bcmwl5.sys If needed reload the bcm43xx module rmmod bcm43xx modprobe bcm43xx From iwconfig you can see in which interface the card is loaded. (e.g. eth1) iwconfig Now disable encryption from the access point and test with dhclient aptitude install dhclient dhclient eth1 You should get connected For wpa see instructions below and man wpa_supplicant to select driver, generally wext will be the correct Installing a wireless pci card with ndiswrapper (for the EthRouter) See http://www.linuxquestions.org/linux/answers/Networking/ndiswrapper_on_Debian_Sarge_without_having_to_compile_anything http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/InstallDebian If you have an older linux kernel with no headers installed upgrade to the latest linux kernel and then install the headers. The reason is that the headers of your current kernel may be outdated and removed from the apt repositories. For example apt-get install linux-image-2.6.18-4-486 update-grub Restart with the new kernel Install ndiswrapper apt-get install module-assistant module-assistant auto-install ndiswrapper Check installation of ndiswrapper with ndiswrapper -l It should answer : no drivers installed If you have a cd check out the drivers there. We need the .inf, .sys and bin file in the same folder and then we use the .inf file to install. For example. Create a folder mkdir -p /opt/drivers/wireless cp -r /media/cdrom1/DRIVER/WinXP/ /opt/drivers/wireless/ cd /opt/drivers/wireless/WinXP/ Install it with for example ndiswrapper -i Mrv8000c.INF Then activate the ndiswrapper module to reflect the changes modprobe ndiswrapper If you don't find a suitable driver in the cd provided check http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List Check your chipset with lspci for example here it is 88w8335 00:09.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88w8335 [Libertas] 802.11b/g Wireless (rev 03) and search in the above link to find the drivers by the chipset (88w8335) or the whole line (without the 00:09.0) Check also you have the same pciid lspci -n for example here it is 11ab:1faa 00:09.0 0200: 11ab:1faa (rev 03) No move on to test if the EthRouter can connect to the Wrouter wireless.First check without encryption. We will use dhclient utility apt-get install dhclient # from stable sources Edit file /etc/dhclient.conf Uncomment lines or add them if you want to reject dhcp offers from certain servers In our example the AdslRouter is also a dhcp server so you may reject 192.168.1.254; Then execute /etc/init.d/networking restart # to reload new configuration current network dhclient wlan0 # to get an address from the Wrouter Check connectivity with ping 192.168.2.1 #Wrouter ping 192.168.1.254 # Adsl Router nslookup www.google.com # dns check ping www.google.com To finish up (if not already done so) set the EthRouter as a Router /etc/init.d.myrouter start Now set the eth0 interface of the EthRouter to address 10.64.53.200 with ifconfig eth0 10.64.53.200 You could use a dhcp server on EthRouter and assign an address to the client pc through dhcp but another 2 dhcp servers exist and routers can route to them and things may get mixed up. Ofcourse if this client pc is running linux adjusting the /etc/dhclient.conf to reject offers from 192.168.1.254 (AdslRouter) and 192.168.2.1 (Wrouter) will do reject 192.168.1.254; reject 192.168.2.1; So for simplicity we will set a static ip like 10.64.53.201 to the client pc . ifconfig eth0 10.64.53.201 route add default gw 10.64.53.200 # EthRouter Change also manually the /etc/resolv.conf to set the dns servers nameserver 192.168.2.1 #Wrouter nameserver 192.168.1.254 #AdslRouter Now test connectivity in the client pc with ping 10.64.53.201 # EthRouter ping 192.168.2.1 # Wrouter ping 192.168.1.254 # AdslRouter nslookup www.google.com # dns resolution ping www.google.com # internet connectivity We did it! Ofcourse we need to change /etc/network/interfaces files to use this configuration automatically on reboot. In the EthRouter add this to /etc/network/interfaces allow-hotpug wlan0 eth0 # to regain connection if WRouter is restarted iface eth0 inet static address 10.64.53.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 # iface wlan0 inet dhcp wireless_essid wrouter #your WRouter ssid # (optional) uncomment line below to ensure ndiswrapper is loaded #pre-up grep -q ndiswrapper /proc/modules || modprobe ndiswrapper /etc/init.d/networking restart /etc/init.d/myrouter start Now redo the connectivity checks from the client pc. Finally shutdown EthRouter, reboot and check again from the client pc. If all ok you are done! You would like to secure your wirelless network, and therefore enable wpa encyption disabling ssid broadcast. FOR WPA checkout http://www.vollink.com/gary/deb_wifi.html See also latest changes for smoother integration in debian Etch 4.0 http://wiki.debian.org/WPA http://svn.debian.org/wsvn/pkg-wpa/trunk/wpasupplicant/debian/README.modes?op=file&rev=0&sc=0 wpasupplicant package is depreciated now and simpler intergation to /etc/network/interfaces can be used. Before we use it update to the latest netbase package apt-get install netbase And ofcourse install the wpasupplicant package apt-get install wpasupplicant For our example if we have wpa tkip/psk configured with ssid mywrouter and key mywrouter_key (13 chars needed for wpa) we can use the following configuration. iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-driver wext wpa-ssid mywrouter wpa-psk mywrouter_key Be sure to disable reading from everyone to your /etc/network/interfaces. A better approach would be to store it here encrypted chmod 600 /etc/network/interfaces To monitor use knemo and kwifimanager 184. gparted stands for Gnome Partition Editor and is an equivalent to qtparted for partition creation,resizing,formatting etc.. apt-get install gparted To handle ntfs partitions apt-get install ntfsprogs To see what actions are available to each partition from menu gparted/features Check here for the projects main page and the various required packages for added functionality http://gparted.sourceforge.net/features.php#libparted To install all apt-get install e2fsprogs dosfstools hfsutils jfsutils util-linux ntfsprogs reiserfsprogs reiser4progs xfsprogs 185. ReactOS Download the iso installation boot cd. With qemu create a 2 GB hard disk qemu-img create reactos.img 2048M Boot from the installed cd and the hard disk you created qemu -cdrom ReactOS.iso -boot d reactos.img -kernel-kqemu Then boot from the installation using for a cdrom a mounted cd qemu -cdrom /dev/hdb -boot c reactos.img -kernel-kqemu You can try the qemu-launcher also to configure setting from a gui interface qemu-launcher& *****Worked******* -The network interface in qemu sended dhcp request and received an ip 10.0.2.15 successfully having as a gateway the host pc at 10.0.2.2. ****Didn't work****** -Selecting greek keyboard didn't work leave it to english layout -The reactos internet browser didn't work (with the active plugin or without - On the network nslookups worked but no internet connection -Opera 7 186. How to setup the hostname See http://www.cpqlinux.com/hostname.html Check existing with uname -n hostname -a hostname -s hostname -d hostname -f hostname Set the /etc/hosts as 127.0.0.1 mypc.mydomain.com mypc Set the /etc/hostname as mypc.mydomain.com Check /proc/sys/kernel/hostname cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname To set it echo mybox.mydomain.com > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname Logout (terminate any running X sessions)and login again 187. To install an ssh server apt-get install openssh-server Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config Disable root logins (you can always do an su after a normal user login) PermitRootLogin no Allow login of specific groups AllowGroups specialssh To add the group to the system and some users to it execute in the console addgroup specialssh adduser user1 specialssh adduser user2 specialssh Allow only specific users AllowUsers user5 user6 To reload configuration /etc/init.d/ssh reload One cool thing is that if you reload or restart the ssh server you are currently logged in you are not disconnected by the restart! 188. Security on linux Ports over 1024 are available for custom services For description of common services using certain ports see http://www.grc.com/port_80.htm For some applications that reveal security weaknesses http://www.grc.com/freepopular.htm 189. Download managers include d4x , kget and the simple console-based wget Usefult options are wget --limit-rate=10k file limit download speed to 20k (this was useful to my dynamic adsl connection which was changing ip if the upload speed (16kb) was fully used for over 2-3 min wget -c file Resumes and continues previously interrupted download To mirror a site mkdir -p ~/tmp/offline/sitename wget --mirror –w 2 –p --html-extension –-convert-links –P ~/tmp/offline/sitename http://www.sitename.com 190. Trying to work with wikimedia the wiki project under which wikipedia runs apt-get install mediawiki mediawiki-extensions apt-get install memcached latex-cjk-all wikipediafs wikipedia2text In a browser type http://localhost/mediawiki/ In installation check memcached (localhost:11211 as the server) Prepare a database for use manually or in the last field give the root password to mysql to be created automatically mysql -u root -p mysql> create database wikidb; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wikidb.* to 'wikiuser'@'localhost' identified by 'password'; mysql> quit Select a table prefix like lfc_ or sth To start using your wiki cd /var/lib/mediawiki1.7/ cp /usr/share/mediawiki1.7/config/LocalSettings.php . chown root.www-data LocalSettings.php chmod 640 LocalSettings.php In /etc/mediawiki1.7/LocalSettings.php set $wgEnableUploads=true; ********Migrate from dokuwiki********* The syntax for the headings is the opposite so replace ====== -> = h1 ===== -> == h2 ==== -> === h3 The rest (any h4 === in dokuwiki etc..) do it manually since now they will be mixed up with the changes you already made (==== -> === h3) ************************************** Trying to export to pdf First we need to export to docbook xml, see http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/wiki2xml/w2x.php 191. Another tool is docbookwiki. It is a wiki that can import/export to various interesting formats (docbook xml, single or multiple page html, pdf) See http://doc-book.sourceforge.net/homepage/ 192. Trying to configure ups http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/151 http://bys.cauterized.net/?cat=13&paged=2 193. Apache tomcat installation apt-get install tomcat5.5 tomcat5.5-admin tomcat5.5-webapps libapache2-mod-jk To test type in a browser http://localhost:8180 Grant Yourself Tomcat Manager Permissions Edit /usr/share/tomcat5.5/conf/tomcat-users.xml and include the following: Then open http://localhost:8180 and click on manager Upload a war file. It will be saved to /var/lib/tomcat5.5/webapps and possibly extracted as well To integrate seemlessly tomcat to apache2 see the following example after which a call to apache2 http://localhost/jsp-examples will be served by tomcat (identication to direct tomcat call http://localhost:8180/jsp-examples Create a file /etc/apache2/workers.properties with these lines ps=/ worker.list=worker1 worker.default.port=8009 worker.default.host=localhost worker.default.type=ajp13 worker.default.lbfactor=1 Then create a conf file /etc/apache2/conf.d/tomcat.conf like this JkWorkersFile /etc/apache2/workers.properties JkLogFile /var/log/apache2/mod_jk.log # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info] JkLogLevel info # Select the log format JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " # JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE, JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories # JkRequestLogFormat set the request format JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" # Send servlet for context / jsp-examples to worker named worker1 JkMount /jsp-examples worker1 # Send JSPs for context /jsp-examples/* to worker named worker1 JkMount /jsp-examples/* worker1 Finally restart tomcat5.5 and then apache2 /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5 restart /etc/init.d/apache2 restart Now check with http://localhost/jsp-examples To assign another virtual folder from tomcat to apache for example http://localhost:8081/tomcat-docs just add another 2 lines in the end of /etc/apache2/conf.d/tomcat.conf like JkMount /tomcat-docs worker1 JkMount /tomcat-docs/* worker1 194. Installing CVS See general tutorial : http://www.linux.ie/articles/tutorials/cvs.php and debian specific : http://julien.herbin.ecranbleu.org/cvs_howto/ apt-get install cvs If the automatic configuration does not start, invoke it with dpkg-reconfigure cvs We will use a directory /var/lib/cvs/my_cvs_rep for CVSROOT Make a new cvs directory and initialize it. Owner root, and group src (default after installation). Give access to users in the src group.(Add some users to this group, for example vagelis and manos) adduser vagelis src adduser manos src mkdir /var/lib/cvs/my_cvs_rep export CVSROOT=/var/lib/cvs/my_cvs_rep cvs init You can also create a CVS module (you could also do it with the cvs command as a client with the import command) Last give write access to all members in the src group to your cvs dir chmod -R g+w $CVSROOT Authentication mkdir -p ~/tmp/mycvscheckouts/my_cvs_rep cd ~/tmp/mycvscheckouts/my_cvs_rep export CVSROOT=/var/lib/cvs/my_cvs_rep cvs co my_module Over Network (test locally on an ssh server first) cd ~/tmp/mycvscheckouts export CVSROOT=":ext:manos@localhost:/var/lib/cvs/my_cvs_rep" export CVS_RSH=ssh cvs co my_module But your passsword will be asked each time you type a CVS command.To avoid this use the authentication key generation for SSH. Which uses a stored password to communicate. Do not enter a passphrase ssh-keygen -t dsa Generating public/private dsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/vagelis/.ssh/id_dsa): /home/vagelis/.ssh/id_dsa already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? y Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/vagelis/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/vagelis/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa vagelis@localhost cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub | ssh username@yourdomain.com "cat - >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys" Test connection now with ssh username@yourdomain.com Now you can access your repository remotely through a gui program like cervisia apt-get install cervisia my_cvs_rep From Repository/repositories click add copy the above Network access settings without the subdirectory my_cvs_rep repository :ext:manos@localhost:/var/lib/cvs module my_cvs_rep use remote shell ssh From Repository/CheckOut checkout the above repository to a folder e.g. ~/mycheckouts Now you can add new text files to the remote repository like this -Copy them to ~/mycheckouts folder -Select the new folders first -Click the add button and then the commit changes button -Collapse all folders, select all files except folders -Click the add button and then the commit changes button 195. Auto-package packages are self installable packages. To remove a package just execute package remove (package name). For example package remove autopackage-gtk 196. **********Troobleshooting klamav*********** The freshclam command (used to download the latest virus definitions) either on boot process or after manuall execution may produce the following error (here in brief) WARNING: Your ClamAV installation is OUTDATED! WARNING: Local version: 0.88.7 Recommended version: 0.90 .. WARNING: Current functionality level = 10, recommended = 13 Check http://www.clamav.net/support/faq, to check out the new ones or better Check also the page of the official packages maintainer http://people.debian.org/~sgran/ If you are using testing the packages may not be ported yet. Be patient. You may try to use the unstable packages, but the mix is not recommended unless it is absolutely necessary since it may produce package problems to your system. 197. Trying to monitor traffic. I want to to be able to monitor these -which application accesses internet in a particular time -netstat hides nothing but does not show current flow rate and is not so easy to figure out -iptraf shows ports and ips, shows speed though not in main windows (need to select the connection first and see the status bar) -if my pc is a router, traffic in all pcs. For that you need 2 interfaces (e.g. eth1->eth0)since if the routing is from eth0 to eth0 the client pc would be redirected - iptraf shows ports and ips of machines routed from your server. You can sort as well. In configuration you can assign names to mac addresses and see them in netstat is the classic command line tool for established connections vnstat will create a database for overall statistics iptraf is a more comprehensive one for traffic monitoring But speed should be seen in the main window Set active with w More details with M and wait to compute speed Set some configurations also 198. diff is a command line utility used by many programs. It can display differences between 2 files slightly changed It was very helpful when I tried to review the various scarced changes I made to code in several files in an open source project. The chaos produced by that should be controlled from then on by cervisia but the initial changes before moving to cvs should be tracked As a frontends kdiff3 is recommended. Others include tkdiff apt-get install kdiff3 tkdif We have directory A as the initial open-source code B as the modified code and C a merge directory to merge changes. (I don't need C, just a precaution in order not to accidentally merge in B) So open directories A, B and C and from Directory menu check to show only different files The Directory B contained a lot of added files that I knew they weren't changed so to see only the changed files I merged changes to C directory and then rescaned only 2 directories A and C Since in my case the changes were not so many I can add the initial unchanged files to the cervisia and then overwrite with the changed adding a description. If changes in the file were made in more than one place, I may manually redo them by copy/paste from kdiff3 one by one to be more descriptive 199. Trying to resolve a bug in a debian installation were /etc/init.d/portmap stop hangs -Logout from gnome, hangs, disconnects after several minutes. -Kde itself loads after several minutes. -Any kde application executed from gnome loads after several minutes Logout from gnome from console gnome-session-save --kill --gui See here a similar problem http://www.unixadmintalk.com/f59/laptop-nothing-several-minutes-before-bringing-up-certain-apps-129235/ A solution that is suggested That seems to be a DNS/resolver problems. Please check your /etc/hosts file and see if it contains line such as: 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 200. Trying to install a scanner First insta some scanning application frontends apt-get install kooka Install libusb and sane tools apt-get install libusb apt-get install sane sane-utils Plug in the scanner and see if it was connected to a usb port successfully with tail -f /var/log/messages Then as root execute scanimage -L If it was listed you are ok. Run kooka as root first to check if you can scan anything 201. Crypto f200 adsl modem drivers are included in kernel 2.6.15 and above. See below instructions on how to install it http://rajeshjayaprakash.in/conexant.html 202. See how to use syslog-ng http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/278 or better search Debian syslog replacement in http://tomasz.korwel.net/category/programmers-everyday-problems/ Install the syslog-ng package apt-get install syslog-ng Install the logcheck package apt-get install logcheck To see the system logs you can use tail -f /var/log/messages or dmesg | tail From gui use ksystemlog From ksystemlog in kernel logs remove the 3 log files in the /var/log/kernel which doesn't exist and add /var/log/kern.log and /var/log/kern.log.0 203. An mp3 player created with mono for gnome which rivals kde's amarok is banshee. apt-get install banshee banshee-daap banshee-official-plugins sg3-utils It is promising but still not quite as good as amarok. Nice plugins especially the related tracks and artists which directs you to last-fm 204. samba profiles with quotas scroll read the following thread (go to the end if you are unpatient) http://linux.gatago.net/linux/samba/14517673.html and see here how to increase the 30 mb limit http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;290324 See sample policy files http://www.pcc-services.com/custom_poledit.html 205. Documentation Documentation in debian packages apt-get install rutebook abs-guide debian-reference doc-linux-html doc-linux-nonfree-html installation-guide-i386 quick-reference-en selflinux Dictionary for Computer Science terms http://www.linux.com/guides/Linux-Dictionary/d.shtml Nice quick howtos: http://fluxtron.org/~scotti/linux/docs/system_setup.html 206. Trying to create a dvd from the repository http://www.debian-multimedia.org/ to be used for pc with no internet connection gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 1F41B907 gpg --armor --export 1F41B907 | apt-key add - Then install debmirror and also use a mirror of the repository (here ftp.duth.gr/debian-multimedia)for faster download. The repository size is about 1.2 GB (for all archs and dists) The general debmirror command line for this repository : debmirror --host=www.debian-multimedia.org --dist=stable,testing,unstable,experimental --arch=alpha,amd64,hppa,i386,ia64,powerpc,sparc --root=/ --method=http --section=main Of course you need to change to your local directory. You can also changes the --arch and/or --dist options if you don't want to mirror all the repository. For multimedia gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 1F41B907 gpg --armor --export 1F41B907 | apt-key add - mkdir ~/tmp/multimedia cd ~/tmp/multimedia debmirror . -p --host=ftp.duth.gr/debian-multimedia --dist=testing,experimental --arch=i386 --root=/ --method=http --section=main For opera gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv-key 6A423791 gpg --fingerprint 6A423791 gpg --armor --export 6A423791| apt-key add - mkdir ~/tmp/opera cd ~/tmp/opera debmirror . -p --host=deb.opera.com/opera/ --dist=testing --arch=i386 --root=/ --method=http --section=non-free For Skype (it failed but anyway this is an application through internet mkdir ~/tmp/skype cd ~/tmp/skype debmirror . -p --ignore-release-gpg --host=download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian --dist=stable --arch=i386 --root=/ --method=http --section=non-free For beryl # the gpg key is good for apt, but not for debmirror, so we ignore it wget -O - http://debian.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg | sudo apt-key add - mkdir ~/tmp/beryl cd ~/tmp/beryl debmirror . -p --ignore-release-gpg --host=debian.beryl-project.org/ --dist=etch --arch=i386 --root=/ --method=http --section=main Remove all Release.gpg files and then burn to a cd or dvd (without hidden files) For actually serving your own mirror checkout http://geekpit.blogspot.com/2006/03/creating-your-own-debian-package.html 207. Writing on ntfs partitions See http://technowizah.com/2006/11/debian-how-to-writing-to-ntfs.html apt-get install ntfs-3g If windows shuts down improperly the ntfs partition is not cleanly unmounted. To fix this it is recommended to restart from windows and shutdown properly. Or else to clear the journal log, (not recommended) from linux run to fix it e.g. ntfsfix /dev/hda1 In the /etc/fstab replace ntfs partition type with ntfs-3g and remove the ro parameter 208. Openoffice hints In calc, if you want to copy cells and preserve the formula inside them to not shift their references accordingly. Try Cutting 2 colums, Paste somewhere and then paste back to their source places. It is different than simple copy/paste and works only for 1 new paste and one back to the source place. To make openoffice use qt or gtk like look install aptitude install openoffice.org-gnome openoffice.org-gtk-gnome openoffice.org-kde 209. A basic backup for a webserver is one to another webserver that can take over if the first one fails. See http://www.howtoforge.com/mirroring_with_rsync Check out also here the http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect_setup_debian_etch Install rsync to both client and server machines aptitude install rsync And a gui frontend aptitude install grsync To safely read do this from an unpriviledged user in the local machine and in the remote as well, (with read only permissions You must have ofcourse the same users in both machines As root mkdir -p /root/web_sites/www/ chown vagelis.www-data /root/web_sites/www/ Now as a normal user run rsync rsync -avz -e ssh vagk77@weballdesign.com:/root/web_sites/www/ /root/web_sites/www/ 1st run 90 min 257 Mb sent 1073904 bytes received 136217525 bytes 24211.52 bytes/sec total size is 267455688 speedup is 1.95 rsync error: some files could not be transferred (code 23) at main.c(1385) [generator=2.6.9] 2nd run 1min sent 48 bytes received 1190534 bytes 20705.77 bytes/sec total size is 267455688 speedup is 224.64 A problems is preserving permissions. By running locally as a normal user all permissions are set to the local normal user. So i - switched into running locally as root and remotely as a normal user. - I issued the command again and the permissions were now set to the correct user ids. But in the local machine not all the users exist. - I added all the users whose files I got with rsync - I issued the command again and the permissions were now set to the correct users, no matter what id they have. rsync matched the users from the username Another one is deleting local files that were remotely removed. By default it does not. To do this add --delete parameter. To test only use --dry-run parameter See also http://www.nongnu.org/rdiff-backup/examples.html apt-get install rdiff-backup It backs up everything but also extra reverse diffs are stored in a special subdirectory of that target directory, so you can still recover files lost some time agokeep diffs in order to restore files that were See also http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/index.html 210. If you think you have overdone it with packages, you can use the popularity contest package to determine long unused packages you may want to remove. Execute popularity-contest | grep '' 211. A bandwidth utility aptitude install bandwidthd-pgsql php5-pgsql 212. If you run debian in an architecture different than i386 but want to run within 32-bit applications for linux, like skype you should try an emulation layer. See package emul-linux-x86-qtlibs and run skype within the 32bit emulation layer Install the linux32 package from the repository. apt-get install emul-linux-x86-qtlibs linux32 Then download general skype for linux static binary tar.bz2 with Qt 3.2 compiled in (10.4 MB) from the Skype Linux section, Extract the archive and run linux ./skype (start in the directory where you untared the tar, it take a little bit to start) 213. To backup a mysql db i tried to rsync the /var/lib/mysql directory Setting up a mysql slave database always in sync with the master See http://www.howtoforge.com/mysql_database_replication 214. Site replication After rsync the sites data and the mysql data the site is ready to be served If served in the same domain name after changing a dns record you just need to have the same /etc/apache2/httpd.conf file Else change httpd.conf file adding a section like this Alias /mirror "/root/web_sites/www/" Options Indexes IncludesNOEXEC FollowSymLinks allow from all and afterwards configuration.php to change the site's url, and the .htaccess to setup the new base 215. kcron is a powerful frontend to crontab for scheduling jobs. Give it a try! create a bash script for backup for example mkdir -p /root/backup/logs/ cat > /root/rsync_backup #!/bin/bash LOGSITES=/root/backup/logs/wad_sites-rsync-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M).log LOGMYSQL=/root/backup/logs/wad_mysql-rsync-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M).log rsync -avz --delete --log-file=$LOGSITES --stats -e ssh root@yourdomain.com:/var/lib/www/ /var/lib/www/ rsync -avz --delete --log-file=$LOGMYSQL --stats -e ssh root@yourdomain.com:/var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql/ chmod 754 /root/rsync_backup Then from kcron for user root add a new task for /root/rsync_backup Save and exit. Check if it is registered to the crontab with crontab -l Ofcourse you must use the authentication key generation for SSH for user root (see this section above- search for key generation) which enables a user to login without a password to a remote ssh host by storing a key the first time he logs in. Any subsequent logins will not require a password 216. Trying to see with dns how to handle a server which is down see http://www.dnsmadeeasy.com/s0306/prod/dnsfo.html 217. Trying to use MS Access equivalents in linux. First we will try to migrate from mdb access files For kexi the koffice database aptitude install kexi-mdb-plugin 218. Automatix is a wonderfull application that is intended to assist new users on installing popular applications on ubuntu and now for debian etch as well (not testing) Here is the interesting list of them. http://getautomatix.com/wiki/index.php?title=Software_and_Tweaks#Automatix2_on_.28K.2FX.29Ubuntu_7.04_i386.2FAMD64_.28Feisty.29 219. exaile is an amarok equivalent for gnome aptitude install exaile A winamp clone is audacious aptitude install audacious 220. To regularly check incoming traffic LIDS, aide, idsa, snort, harden-nids, samhain 221. Monodevelop is an ide to develop C# applications. To startup see http://monodevelop.com/Stetic_GUI_Designer **Troobleshooting** I have seen several crashes in it and to get it run again I must delete it's user config files are in ~/.config/MonoDevelop/ 222. To show the members of a group aptitude install members members users